An Effective Health System Approach to End TB: Implementing the Double X Strategy in Vietnam.

Countries that are high burden for TB must reverse the COVID-19 pandemic's devastating effects to accelerate progress toward ending TB. Vietnam's Double X (2X) strategy uses chest radiography (CXR) and GeneXpert (Xpert) rapid diagnostic testing to improve early detection of TB disease. Household contacts and vulnerable populations (e.

Dilute gluconic acid pretreatment and fermentation of wheat straw to ethanol.

Gluconic acid's potential as a wheat straw pretreatment agent was studied at different concentrations (0.125-1 M) and temperatures (160-190 °C) for 30 min, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. 0.

Myriad Mapping of nanoscale minerals reveals calcium carbonate hemihydrate in forming nacre and coral biominerals.

Calcium carbonate (CaCO) is abundant on Earth, is a major component of marine biominerals and thus of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and it plays a major role in the global carbon cycle by storing atmospheric CO into solid biominerals. Six crystalline polymorphs of CaCO are known-3 anhydrous: calcite, aragonite, vaterite, and 3 hydrated: ikaite (CaCO·6HO), monohydrocalcite (CaCO·1HO, MHC), and calcium carbonate hemihydrate (CaCO·½HO, CCHH). CCHH was recently discovered and characterized, but exclusively as a synthetic material, not as a naturally occurring mineral.

Cell lineage-guided mass spectrometry reveals increased energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species in the vertebrate organizer.

Molecular understanding of the vertebrate Organizer, a tissue center critical for inductive signaling during gastrulation, has so far been mostly limited to transcripts and a few proteins, the latter due to limitations in detection and sensitivity. The Spemann-Mangold Organizer (SMO) in the South African Clawed Frog (), a popular model of development, has long been known to be the origin of signals that pattern the mesoderm and central nervous system. Molecular screens of the SMO have identified several genes responsible for the ability of the SMO to establish the body axis.

Tuberculin skin testing and QuantiFERON™-TB Gold Plus positivity among household contacts in Vietnam.

Setting: TB infection (TBI) is diagnosed using the technique-dependent tuberculin skin test (TST) or costly, more accurate interferon-gamma release assays. The TST (⩾10 mm) threshold was indicated by previous research among household contacts in Vietnam, but routine implementation with a different tuberculin reagent showed unexpectedly low TST positivity.

Objective: TST (⩾5 mm and ⩾10 mm) results were compared to QuantiFERON™-TB Gold Plus (QFT) results in household contacts during community campaigns in 2020 and 2021.