A prospective analysis of prognostic factors in patients with spinal metastases: use of the revised Tokuhashi score.

Study Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Objective: To define the utility of the revised Tokuhashi score in relation to predicting survival in patients with spinal metastases regardless of the treatment pathway.

Summary Of Background Data: The revised Tokuhashi score has been used for the prediction of survival.

Efficacy of low-level laser therapy for body contouring and spot fat reduction.

Background: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is commonly used in medical applications, but scientific studies of its efficacy and the mechanism by which it causes loss of fat from fat cells for body contouring are lacking. This study examined the effectiveness and mechanism by which 635–680 nm LLLT acts as a non-invasive body contouring intervention method.

Methods: Forty healthy men and women ages 18–65 years with a BMI <30 kg/m2 were randomized 1:1 to laser or control treatment.