Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1, and periostin: Novel urinary biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy.

Background: Globally, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease. Currently, renal function is monitored indirectly using measures of serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and proteinuria. Novel urinary biomarkers utilized in the early stages of DN have been described; these indicators can be used in the early identification of the disease, which is important for initiating treatment to halt or impediment the advance of diabetic nephropathy.

ROHHAD NET in Retrospect: Key Lessons Learned from Five Cases.

Objectives: To present cases of rapid onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) and discuss management insights.

Methods: Case records of patients fulfilling the criteria for ROHHAD and presenting to the Pediatric Endocrinology Division of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, between July 2019 and June 2024 were reviewed for clinical features, treatments, and outcomes.

Results: Five patients (4 boys, 1 girl) presented at a median age of 4 y (range 3.

Significance of the Sparing Pronator Quadratus for Volar Plating of Distal Radius Fractures: A Prospective Study.

Background Pronator quadratus (PQ) acts as the pronator of the wrist and stabiliser of the distal radioulnar joint; it also provides a protective cover over the edge of the plate, preventing friction and subsequent rupture of flexor tendons. The repair of PQ is often difficult, and its durability is questionable; hence, preserving the PQ while volar plating distal radius fractures is advocated. Methods In this prospective randomised trial, 60 patients with a fracture of the distal end of the radius of AO-type (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen) 23 A2, A3, B1, B3, C1, and C2 were treated with volar plate fixation using either the PQ-releasing and repair approach (Group A, n = 30) or the PQ-sparing approach (Group B, n = 30), allowed by simple randomisation.

A comparative study of depressive and anxiety symptoms, insomnia, and sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, or both (CO-ROSA): preliminary findings from a retrospective study.

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), restless legs syndrome (RLS), or both may exhibit varied manifestations of depressive and anxiety symptomatology, reflecting the complex interplay between sleep disturbances, neurotransmitter imbalances, and psychosocial stressors in these often overlapping conditions. The aim of this study was to compare depressive and anxiety symptomatology, insomnia severity, and sleepiness in these conditions. Patients were enrolled and subdivided into those with OSA, RLS, and OSA + RLS.