Ultra-low noise measurements of ionic transport within individual single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Despite 15 years of extensive investigation, the fabrication and study of nanofluidic devices that incorporate a single carbon nanotube (CNT) still represents a remarkable experimental challenge. In this study, we present the fabrication of nanofluidic devices that integrate an individual single-walled CNT (SWCNT), showcasing a notable reduction in noise by 1-3 orders of magnitude compared to conventional devices. This achievement was made possible by employing high dielectric constant materials for both the substrate and the CNT-covering layer.

Influence of the Quantum Capacitance on Electrolyte Conductivity through Carbon Nanotubes.

In recent experiments, unprecedentedly large values for the conductivity of electrolytes through carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been measured, possibly owing to flow slip and a high pore surface charge density whose origin remains debated. Here, we model the coupling between the CNT capacitance and the electrolyte-filled pore one and study how electrolyte transport is modulated when a gate voltage is applied to the CNT. Our work shows that under certain conditions the quantum capacitance is lower than the pore one due to the finite quasi-1D CNT electronic density of states and therefore controls the CNT surface charge density that dictates the confined electrolyte conductivity.

Swinging Crystal Edge of Growing Carbon Nanotubes.

Recent direct measurements of the growth kinetics of individual carbon nanotubes revealed abrupt changes in the growth rate of nanotubes maintaining the same crystal structure. These stochastic switches call into question the possibility of chirality selection based on growth kinetics. Here, we show that a similar average ratio between fast and slow rates of around 1.

Fluid Resuscitation in Tactical Combat Casualty Care; TCCC Guidelines Change 21-01. 4 November 2021.

Hemorrhagic shock in combat trauma remains the greatest life threat to casualties with potentially survivable injuries. Advances in external hemorrhage control and the increasing use of damage control resuscitation have demonstrated significant success in decreasing mortality in combat casualties. Presently, an expanding body of literature suggests that fluid resuscitation strategies for casualties in hemorrhagic shock that include the prehospital use of cold-stored or fresh whole blood when available, or blood components when whole blood is not available, are superior to crystalloid and colloid fluids.