Cystinosis-Associated Metabolic Bone Disease Across Ages and CKD Stages 1 to 5D/T.

Context: The pathophysiology of cystinosis-associated metabolic bone disease is complex.

Objective: We hypothesized a disturbed interaction between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Methods: This binational cross-sectional multicenter study included 103 patients with cystinosis (61% children) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1 to 5D/T at hospital clinics.

LMS-based continuous pediatric reference values for soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the HARP cohort.

Unlabelled: Soluble RANKL (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are regulators of osteoclast differentiation and activation, but adequate pediatric reference values are lacking. Here we provide LMS (Lambda-Mu-Sigma)-based continuous pediatric reference percentiles for sRANKL, OPG and sRANKL/OPG ratio that will allow calculation of standardized patient z-scores to assess bone modeling in children.

Purpose: Soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are regulators of osteoclast differentiation and activation and thus bone metabolic turnover in children.

LMS-Based Pediatric Reference Values for Parameters of Phosphate Homeostasis in the HARP Cohort.

Context: The assessment of phosphate homeostasis in children is challenging due to the marked changes in laboratory parameters during growth and development, and the lack of adequate reference values.

Objective: To develop Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS)-based continuous pediatric reference percentiles for 7 key laboratory parameters of phosphate homeostasis.

Methods: This cross-sectional, single-center study, the HAnnover Reference values for Pediatrics (HARP) study, included 455 children aged 0.

New Aspects of Secretory Structures in Five Alismataceae Species: Laticifers or Ducts?

The secretory structures of Alismataceae have been described as secretory ducts, laticifer ducts, laticifer canals or schizogenous ducts. However, these terms are not found in the specialized literature, and ontogenetic analyses for the exact classification of these structures are missing. Accordingly, more studies regarding the secretory structures of Alismataceae are necessary to establish homology in the family or in the order.

Differences in the Inhibitory Specificity Distinguish the Efficacy of Plant Protease Inhibitors on Mouse Fibrosarcoma.

Metastasis, the primary cause of death from malignant tumors, is facilitated by multiple protease-mediated processes. Thus, effort has been invested in the development of protease inhibitors to prevent metastasis. Here, we investigated the effects of protease inhibitors including the recombinant inhibitors rBbKI (serine protease inhibitor) and rBbCI (serine and cysteine inhibitor) derived from native inhibitors identified in seeds, and EcTI (serine and metalloprotease inhibitor) isolated from the seeds of on the mouse fibrosarcoma model (lineage L929).