Congenital transverse deficiencies: bilateral presentation of the foot.

Congenital transverse deficiency is a rare structural anomaly, primarily occurring in utero. Even though it is rare, congenital transverse deficiency is seen in the private practice setting, and many physicians may be unprepared to make the diagnosis or offer treatment. Furthermore, congenital transverse deficiencies, particularly of the lower extremity, are given little attention in literature.

Ankle fractures.

Although ankle injuries are common, it is imperative for the treating physician to be able to identify the mechanism of injury and accurately restore the normal anatomy of the ankle joint. Attention must be given to restoring the normal alignment and length of the fibula because of its dominant role in controlling talar stability. The medial ankle must not be overlooked, with the role of the deltoid taken into consideration.

Fractures of the forefoot.

Fractures of the forefoot are common injuries of various causes. Although not crippling, forefoot fractures can be debilitating if they go undiagnosed or are mistreated. Whenever patients complain of foot pain with ambulation or difficulty ambulating, radiographs should be taken as part of a standard routine to assess for bony pathology.