The second generation mixed lineage kinase-3 (MLK3) inhibitor CLFB-1134 protects against neurotoxin-induced nigral dopaminergic neuron loss.

Dopaminergic neurons express mixed lineage kinases which regulate the expression of cell death genes. In Parkinson's disease, cell death via apoptosis is prevalent, and previous work testing mixed lineage kinase inhibitors in animal models suggested the inhibitors had some neuroprotective potential. CLFB-1134 is a new, brain-penetrant inhibitor specific for MLK3, tested here in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of dopaminergic depletion and nigral neuron death in mice.

Structural and Kinetic Studies of the Potent Inhibition of Metallo-β-lactamases by 6-Phosphonomethylpyridine-2-carboxylates.

There are currently no clinically available inhibitors of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), enzymes that hydrolyze β-lactam antibiotics and confer resistance to Gram-negative bacteria. Here we present 6-phosphonomethylpyridine-2-carboxylates (PMPCs) as potent inhibitors of subclass B1 (IMP-1, VIM-2, and NDM-1) and B3 (L1) MBLs. Inhibition followed a competitive, slow-binding model without an isomerization step (IC values of 0.

The mixed lineage kinase-3 inhibitor URMC-099 improves therapeutic outcomes for long-acting antiretroviral therapy.

During studies to extend the half-life of crystalline nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART) the mixed lineage kinase-3 inhibitor URMC-099, developed as an adjunctive neuroprotective agent was shown to facilitate antiviral responses. Long-acting ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (nanoATV/r) nanoformulations co-administered with URMC-099 reduced viral load and the numbers of HIV-1 infected CD4+ T-cells in lymphoid tissues more than either drug alone in infected humanized NOD/SCID/IL2Rγc-/- mice. The drug effects were associated with sustained ART depots.

Mixed lineage kinase 3 mediates release of C-X-C motif ligand 10-bearing chemotactic extracellular vesicles from lipotoxic hepatocytes.

Unlabelled: Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) deficiency reduces macrophage-associated inflammation in a murine model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanistic links between MLK3 activation in hepatocytes and macrophage-driven inflammation in NASH are uncharted. Herein, we report that MLK3 mediates the release of (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10)-laden extracellular vesicles (EVs) from lipotoxic hepatocytes, which induce macrophage chemotaxis.

Arginine-containing peptides as potent inhibitors of VIM-2 metallo-β-lactamase.

Background: Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) play an important role in the emergence of microbial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, and are hence considered targets for the design of novel therapeutics. We here report on the inhibitory effect of peptides containing multiple arginine residues on VIM-2, a clinically important MBL from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methods: Enzyme kinetic assays in combination with fluorescence spectroscopy and stopped-flow UV-Vis spectrophotometry were utilized to explore the structure-activity relationship of peptides as inhibitors of VIM-2.