Signatures of disease outcome severity in the intestinal fungal and bacterial microbiome of COVID-19 patients.

Background: COVID-19, whose causative pathogen is the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic in March 2020. The gastrointestinal tract is one of the targets of this virus, and mounting evidence suggests that gastrointestinal symptoms may contribute to disease severity. The gut-lung axis is involved in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2; therefore, we investigated whether COVID-19 patients' bacterial and fungal gut microbiome composition was linked to disease clinical outcome.

Nutritional Biomarkers for the Prediction of Response to Anti-TNF-α Therapy in Crohn's Disease: New Tools for New Approaches.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic disorder of the digestive tract characterized by an uncontrolled immune-mediated inflammatory response in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to environmental risk factors. Although diet has been identified as one of the major environmental risk factors, the role of nutrients in the clinical management of CD patients has not yet been fully investigated. In this prospective observational study, fifty-four patients diagnosed with active Crohn's disease and undergoing anti-TNF-α biological therapy were enrolled and subjected to nutrient intake analysis through a daily food diary.

The Bidirectional Link between Nutritional Factors and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Dietary Deficits, Habits, and Recommended Interventions-A Narrative Review.

Inflammatory bowel diseases comprise Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, two chronic inflammatory disorders of the digestive tract that develop in adolescence and early adulthood and show a rising pattern in industrialized societies, as well as in developing countries, being strongly influenced by environmental pressures such as nutrition, pollution and lifestyle behaviors. Here, we provide a narrative review of the bidirectional link between nutritional factors and IBD, of dietary deficits observed in IBD patients due to both the disease itself and dietary habits, and of the suggested nutritional interventions. Research of the literature was conducted.

Dietary Habits and Nutrient Deficiencies in a Cohort of European Crohn's Disease Adult Patients.

Wrong dietary habits, such as the Western-style diet, are considered important risk factors for the development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs). Nevertheless, the role of dietary patterns in the clinical management of IBD patients has not been fully investigated yet. Fifty-four patients diagnosed with active Crohn's disease (CD) were enrolled and subjected to nutritional intake analysis through a weekly food diary.

Nutraceuticals in the Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota: Current Status and Future Directions.

Pharmaceutical interest in the human intestinal microbiota has increased considerably, because of the increasing number of studies linking the human intestinal microbial ecology to an increasing number of non-communicable diseases. Many efforts at modulating the gut microbiota have been made using probiotics, prebiotics and recently postbiotics. However, there are other, still little-explored opportunities from a pharmaceutical point of view, which appear promising to obtain modifications of the microbiota structure and functions.