A rapid change in P-element-induced hybrid dysgenesis status in Ukrainian populations of .

The P-transposable element is an example of mobile DNA transferred horizontally and known to have spread globally over the last 50-60 years. In , the P-element causes a syndrome known as 'P-M hybrid dysgenesis' that obstructs normal ovary development in the female progeny of susceptible populations. Despite extensive research, the stability and global population dynamics of P-M dysgenic phenotypes remain poorly understood.