[The radiation risks of cerebrovascular diseases among the liquidators].

The work concerns the assessment of radiation risks for non-cancer diseases of circulatory system among the Chernobyl liquidators. The medical and dosimetric data from Russian National Medical and Dosimetric Registry were used. The cohort data from 1986 to 2000 years of 61017 liquidators are discussed.

[Aspergillosis of the heart and liver in leptospirosis].

A study made in three autopsies suggested development during the second to third week of leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagica against the background of secondary immunodeficiency (due to severity of the underlying condition or induced by glucocortocoid and antibiotic therapy) Aspergillus affection of the heart that had significantly aggravated the clinical course of leptospirosis and appeared to be the immediate provoking cause of acute cardiovascular insufficiency with a fatal result to follow. Two cases demonstrated an isolated fungal infection of the myocardium. In one of these running a longer (20 days in duration) course there took place a hematogenic dissemination of the aspergilli present in the liver during the development of the metastatic focus in the myocardium.

[The clinical use of blood ultrafiltration in leptospirosis patients with acute kidney and liver failure].

The use of ultrafiltration of blood in clinical settings in the treatment of patients with leptospirosis presenting with acute renal failure permits enhancing a detoxicating effect due to elimination with the ultrafiltrate of up to 30% of products of nitrogenous metabolism. This allows the water balance to be corrected, homeostasis, the functional activity of the cardiovascular, respiratory systems to be stabilized. Therapeutic effectiveness is enhanced that is evidenced by a 20% decline in the incidence of complications and in case-fatality rate in grave forms of leptospirosis.

[The clinical aspects of acute liver failure in leptospirosis].

Acute hepatic insufficiency is the main link in the pathological process in leptospirosis determining the degree of severity of the condition and level of bodily compensatory potentialities. Pathogenetically, hepatic insufficiency runs its course through the following three stages: compensated, sub-compensated, and decompensated characterized by different levels of functional (excretory-biliary, protein-synthetizing, hemostatic, detoxicating) inadequacy.

[The pathomorphology and pathogenetic problems of liver involvement in icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis].

Morphologic findings on the liver during different time periods of Leptospira infection suggest the leading role in the pathogenesis of the damaged organ early in the course of the disease of a toxic vascular affection of the microcirculatory bed presenting with hyperpermeability of the vascular wall, interstitial edema, dyscomplexation of the liver crosspieces together with inflow of bile to the sinusoidal capillaries. To a lesser extent jaundice is related to the hepatocyte dystrophic and necrotic changes as evidenced by the absence of marked disturbances in the protein-synthetizing function of the liver and low enzymatic activity. At week 2 to 3 of the illness against the background of diminution of the edema and partial or complete restoration of the liver constitution (especially so in less afflicted peripheral portions of the lobes) jaundice with high bilirubinemia is caused by a toxic affliction of hepatocytes and advancing centrolobular cholestasis.