[Commensal microflora and endogenous inductors of pathophysiological reactions of innate immunity].

This paper content analytical review of literature on commensal microflora and endogenous inductors of pathophysiological reactions of innate immunity. The important role of participation in the homeostasis of the intestinal microflora, the repair of tissue damage, maintaining the innate immune system in a state of physiological tone by interacting with receptors pattern recognition receptors. Effects of the interaction of components commensal flora and innate immune receptors play an important role in physiological processes of microorganism in maintaining the balance of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial substances.

[Intestinal microflora, obesity and type 2 diabetes].

The review of data of the literature on a role of intestinal microflora, genetic features of a macroorganism, exogenic factors and character of a food is presented at obesity and a type 2 diabetes. Researches establish, that development in experimental animals of the induced obesity and the type 2 diabetes, depends on a diet and presence of intestinal microflora. The factors increasing permeability mucous intestines, promote a translocation of intestinal automicroflora and its toxins into macroorganism and a system blood-circulation.

[Persistence of biologically active components of gastrointestinal tract microflora].

The article is dedicated to examination and analysis of materials on translocation of microflora and its products from intestine to the internal environment of the macroorganism and persistence of biologically active substances of microflora in the bloodstream. High frequency of translocation and persistence of intestine microflora and its components in system bloodstream is shown. Persistent biologically active substances of endogenous microorganisms take part in human physiology and pathology.

[Recognition of commensal microflora by pattern recognition receptors in human physiology and pathology].

Contemporary data on the interaction of commensal microflora and Toll-like pattern recognition receptors are presented. These receptors recognize normal intestine microflora in physiological conditions, and this interaction is necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis and damage reparation of the intestine, for the induction of heat shock cytoprotective proteins. As a side effect in disruption of immunologic tolerance and misbalance of protective immunological mechanisms, multiorgan pathologic changes of organs and tissues may develop, including chronic inflammation processes of various localization.

[The receptor theory of atherosclerosis].

Lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria can interact with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and induce atheroma formation. The risk of atherosclerosis is decreased in case of TLR4 mutation. Other bacterial ligands and endogenous ligands of TLRs can also be involved in induction of atherogenesis.