PECULIARITIES OF THE SECOND MESIOBUCCAL CANAL IN MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS.

Unlabelled: The first maxillary molar is one of the most difficult teeth for endodontical treatment; it presents the highest failure rates due to the impossibility of locating and treating the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2). The aim of our work was study of second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary first molar and compare obtained data with literature sources for increasing the efficiency of treatment.

Materials And Methods: The study involved 59 patients with exacerbation of chronic pulpitis or chronic periodontitis who were distributed according to age: 14-20 years, 21-30 years and 31-40 years.

A New Method for the Synthesis of 3-Thiocyanatopyrazolo[1,5-]pyrimidines.

In this article, we demonstrate how an original effective "metal-free" and "chromatography-free" route for the synthesis of 3-thiocyanatopyrazolo[1,5-]pyrimidines has been developed. It is based on electrooxidative (anodic) C-H thiocyanation of 5-aminopyrazoles by thiocyanate ion leading to 4-thiocyanato-5-aminopyrazoles (stage 1, yields up to 87%) following by their chemical condensation with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds or their derivatives (stage 2, yields up to 96%). This method is equally effective for the synthesis of 3-thiocyanatopyrazolo[1,5-]pyrimidines, both without substituents and with various donor (acceptor) substituents in the pyrimidine ring.

Analytical Strategies in Lipidomics for Discovery of Functional Biomarkers from Human Saliva.

Human saliva is increasingly being used and validated as a biofluid for diagnosing, monitoring systemic disease status, and predicting disease progression. The discovery of biomarkers in saliva biofluid offers unique opportunities to bypass the invasive procedure of blood sampling by using oral fluids to evaluate the health condition of a patient. Saliva biofluid is clinically relevant since its components can be found in plasma.

Identification and genome organization of saponin pathway genes from a wild crucifer, and their use for transient production of saponins in Nicotiana benthamiana.

The ability to evolve novel metabolites has been instrumental for the defence of plants against antagonists. A few species in the Barbarea genus are the only crucifers known to produce saponins, some of which make plants resistant to specialist herbivores, like Plutella xylostella, the diamondback moth. Genetic mapping in Barbarea vulgaris revealed that genes for saponin biosynthesis are not clustered but are located in different linkage groups.