[Prophylactic food products for the nutrition of cosmonauts].

To supplement the daily cosmonauts' ration with biologically active substances able to increase adaptability and resistance to the adverse spaceflight factors, an assortment of prophylactic food products to be consumed at specific phases of mission has been developed. Principles of creating dietary compositions, i.e.

[Analysis of the nutritional status of space crews].

Presented are the results of nutrition status analysis of the orbital "MIR" station crews. Investigations carried out both on the basis of subjective information concerning the state of crews members appetite, quantity of consumed food etc. as well as on the subjectives results of biochemical blood analysis reflecting the status of metabolic processes in human in zero-gravity conditions.

[Changes in lung function in the postoperative period during tube feeding].

39 patients after surgery for laryngeal cancer have been examined. It has been shown that enteral nutrition with high carbohydrate content is accompanied by an increase in O2 consumption, CO2 release, minute lung ventilation, disturbances in lipid metabolism, blood hypercoagulation and does not promote the recovery of the lung function. Diets with predominant fat content led to the normalization of gas exchange, correction of lipid metabolism and hemostasis and, therefore, were recommended in the postoperative period for patients with laryngeal cancer.

[Stage-by-stage lavage of the abdominal cavity in the treatment of diffuse suppurative peritonitis].

The article generalizes experience in the treatment of 65 patients with generalized purulent peritonitis at the toxic and terminal stage with the use of active cleansing of the abdominal cavity by step-by-step lavage (1 to 12 times). The authors studied changes of the flora, the indices of immunological and nonspecific reactivity and central hemodynamics, the parameters of water spaces and electrolytes, and the condition of hemostasis from the peak of peritonitis to recovery. The cleansing step-by-step lavages of the abdominal cavity in generalized purulent peritonitis reduce the frequency and intensity of surgical complications, make it possible to avoid generalization of the septic process or its further development, and are, on the whole, an effective method of treatment.