Low-toxic herbicides Roundup and Atrazine disturb free radical processes in Daphnia in environmentally relevant concentrations.

The use of glyphosate-based Roundup and triazine herbicide Atrazine has increased markedly in last decades. Thus, it is important to evaluate toxic effects of these herbicides to non-targeted organisms such as zooplankton to understand their safety toward aquatic ecosystems. In the current study, we performed Daphnia toxicity tests based on lethality to identify LC that provides acute aquatic toxicity classification criteria.

Acute Exposure to the Penconazole-Containing Fungicide Topas Induces Metabolic Stress in Goldfish.

Triazole fungicides are widely used in agriculture that leads to pollution of freshwater ecosystems. The mechanisms of toxicity to fish by the triazole fungicide Topas that contains penconazole (1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]-1-1,2,4-triazole) have not been studied. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of goldfish exposure for 96 h to the fungicide Topas at concentrations of 1.

Distinct neurotoxic effects of select local anesthetics on facial nerve injury and recovery.

Background: Local anesthetic toxicity has been well-documented to cause neuronal injury, death, and dysfunction, particularly in a susceptible nerve.

Objective: To determine whether select local anesthetics affect neuron survival and/or functional recovery of an injured nerve.

Methods: This report describes 6 separate experiments that test immediate or delayed application of local anesthetics in 3 nerve injury models.

Pesticide toxicity: a mechanistic approach.

Pesticides are known for their high persistence and pervasiveness in the environment, and along with products of their biotransformation, they may remain in and interact with the environment and living organisms in multiple ways, according to their nature and chemical structure, dose and targets. In this review, the classifications of pesticides based on their nature, use, physical state, pathophysiological effects, and sources are discussed. The effects of these xenobiotics on the environment, their biotransformation in terms of bioaccumulation are highlighted with special focus on the molecular mechanisms deciphered to date.