Chemical Imaging of Heterogeneous Muscle Foods Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging in Transmission Mode.

Foods and biomaterials are, in general, heterogeneous and it is often a challenge to obtain spectral data which are representative for the chemical composition and distribution. This paper presents a setup for near-infrared (NIR) transmission imaging where the samples are completely trans-illuminated, probing the entire sample. The system measures falling samples at high speed and consists of an NIR imaging scanner covering the spectral range 760-1040 nm and a powerful line light source.

X-ray emission spectroscopy of bulk liquid water in "no-man's land".

The structure of bulk liquid water was recently probed by x-ray scattering below the temperature limit of homogeneous nucleation (TH) of ∼232 K [J. A. Sellberg et al.

Reabsorption of soft x-ray emission at high x-ray free-electron laser fluences.

We report on oxygen K-edge soft x-ray emission spectroscopy from a liquid water jet at the Linac Coherent Light Source. We observe significant changes in the spectral content when tuning over a wide range of incident x-ray fluences. In addition the total emission yield decreases at high fluences.

Comparison of x-ray absorption spectra between water and ice: new ice data with low pre-edge absorption cross-section.

The effect of crystal growth conditions on the O K-edge x-ray absorption spectra of ice is investigated through detailed analysis of the spectral features. The amount of ice defects is found to be minimized on hydrophobic surfaces, such as BaF2(111), with low concentration of nucleation centers. This is manifested through a reduction of the absorption cross-section at 535 eV, which is associated with distorted hydrogen bonds.

Noncontact salt and fat distributional analysis in salted and smoked salmon fillets using X-ray computed tomography and NIR interactance imaging.

To be able to monitor the salting process of cold smoked salmon, a nondestructive imaging technique for salt analysis is required. This experiment showed that X-ray computed tomography (CT) can be used for nondestructive distributional analysis of NaCl in salmon fillets during salting, salt equilibration, and smoking. The combination of three X-ray voltages (80, 110, and 130 kV) gave the best CT calibrations for NaCl, with a prediction error (root mean square error of cross-validation, RMSECV) of 0.