The Hansen's baccata #2 gene Rvi12_Cd5 confers scab resistance to the susceptible apple cultivar "Gala Galaxy".

To enhance the breeding of new scab-resistant apple cultivars, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms governing major scab resistance genes is essential. Rvi12_Cd5 was previously identified as the best candidate gene for the Rvi12 scab resistance of the crab apple "Hansen's baccata #2" by gene prediction and in silico analysis. In the present study, Rvi12_Cd5 was used to transform the scab-susceptible apple cultivar "Gala Galaxy.

Application of High-Throughput Sequencing for Comprehensive Virome Profiling in Grapevines Shows Yellows in Iran.

A comprehensive study on the whole spectrum of viruses and viroids in five Iranian grapevine cultivars was carried out using sRNA libraries prepared from phloem tissue. A comparison of two approaches to virus detection from sRNAome data indicated a significant difference in the results and performance of the aligners in viral genome reconstruction. The results showed a complex virome in terms of viral composition, abundance, and richness.

(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): Biology, Direct Damage and Preliminary Studies on Apple Proliferation Infection in Apple Orchard.

The mosaic leafhopper, (Matsumura), is an Asian species widespread in Europe that can cause leaf damage in wild trees and transmit disease phytoplasmas to grapevines. Following an outbreak reported in 2019 in an apple orchard in northern Italy, the biology and damage caused by this species to apples were investigated during 2020 and 2021. Our studies included observations on the life cycle, leaf symptoms associated to its trophic activity, and its capability to acquire " Phytoplasma mali," a causal agent of Apple Proliferation (AP).

Interlaboratory Performance of a Real-Time PCR Method for Detection of , the Agent of Canker Stain of spp.

(CP), an ascomycetous fungus, is the agent of canker stain, a lethal vascular disease of species. has been listed as a quarantine pest (EPPO A2 list) due to extensive damage caused in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean region. As traditional diagnostic assays are ineffective, a Real-Time PCR detection method based on EvaGreen, SYBR Green, and Taqman assays was previously developed, validated in-house, and included in the official EPPO standard PM7/14 (2).

Genome sequencing provides new insights on the distribution of Erwinia amylovora lineages in northern Italy.

Erwinia amylovora is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes a wide variety of plant species causing recurrent local outbreaks of fire blight in crops of the Rosaceae family. Recent genomic surveys have documented the limited genomic diversity of this species, possibly related to a recent evolutionary bottleneck and a strong correlation between geography and phylogenetic structure of the species. Despite its economic importance, little is known about the genetic variability of co-circulating strains during local outbreaks.