Healthcare professionals' perceptions of challenges in vaccine communication and training needs: a qualitative study.

Background: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) can play an important role in encouraging patients and their caregivers to be vaccinated. The objective of this qualitative study was to investigate HCPs' perspectives on challenges in vaccine communication and unmet training needs in this domain.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 41 HCPs (mainly nurses and physicians) with vaccination roles (23 in England; 18 in France), gathering information on: (1) HCPs' approach to vaccine conversations with patients; (2) Challenges of communicating about vaccines; (3) Vaccine-related training and learning resources available to HCPs, and; (4) HCPs' training needs around vaccine communication.

The Latent Aging of Cells.

As epigenetic clocks have evolved from powerful estimators of chronological aging to predictors of mortality and disease risk, it begs the question of what role DNA methylation plays in the aging process. We hypothesize that while it has the potential to serve as an informative biomarker, DNA methylation could also be a key to understanding the biology entangled between aging, (de)differentiation, and epigenetic reprogramming. Here we use an unsupervised approach to analyze time associated DNA methylation from both and samples to measure an underlying signal that ties these phenomena together.

Intravenous BCG Vaccination of Diversity Outbred Mice Results in Moderately Enhanced Protection against Challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Compared to Intradermal Vaccination.

Tuberculosis is still the leading cause of death globally from any infectious disease, despite the widespread use of the live attenuated vaccine Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG). While BCG has some efficacy against disseminated TB disease in children, protection wanes into adulthood resulting in over 1.8 million TB deaths per year.

A reflection on noncognitive factors affecting spatial cognitive testing: Examples from nonmodel species.

Probing for spatial cognitive processes in model rodent species has a long history in the psychological literature, with well-established protocols and paradigms successfully revealing the mechanisms underlying spatial learning and memory. There has also been much interest in examining the ecological and evolutionary context of spatial cognition, with a focus on how selection has molded spatial cognitive abilities in nonmodel species, how spatial cognitive traits vary across species, the neural mechanisms underlying spatial cognitive abilities, and the fitness outcomes of spatial cognition. Behavioral ecologists have been able to take advantage of paradigms from experimental psychology's rich history of spatial cognitive testing for use in nonmodel species.

Molecular ecology and risk factors for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli carriage by dogs living in urban and nearby rural settings.

Objectives: To compare faecal third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Escherichia coli isolates from dogs living in a city and in a rural area ∼30 km away; to compare isolates from dogs, cattle and humans in these regions; and to determine risk factors associated with 3GC-R E. coli carriage in these two cohorts of dogs.

Methods: Six hundred dogs were included, with faecal samples processed to recover 3GC-R E.