DDO-adjuvanted influenza A virus nucleoprotein mRNA vaccine induces robust humoral and cellular type 1 immune responses and protects mice from challenge.

A challenge in viral vaccine development is to produce vaccines that generate both neutralizing antibodies to prevent infection and cytotoxic CD8 T-cells that target conserved viral proteins and can eliminate infected cells to control virus spread. mRNA technology offers an opportunity to design vaccines based on conserved CD8-targeting epitopes, but achieving robust antigen-specific CD8 T-cells remains a challenge. Here, we tested the viral-derived oligonucleotide DDO268 as an adjuvant in the context of a model influenza A virus (IAV) nucleoprotein (NP) mRNA vaccine in C57BL/6 mice.

DDO-adjuvanted influenza A virus nucleoprotein mRNA vaccine induces robust humoral and cellular type 1 immune responses and protects mice from challenge.

A challenge in viral vaccine development is to produce vaccines that generate both neutralizing antibodies to prevent infection and cytotoxic CD8 T-cells that target conserved viral proteins and can eliminate infected cells to control virus spread. mRNA vaccines offer an opportunity to design vaccines based on conserved CD8-targeting epitopes, but achieving robust antigen-specific CD8 T-cells remains a challenge. Here we tested the viral-derived oligonucleotide DDO268 as an adjuvant in the context of a model influenza A virus (IAV) nucleoprotein (NP) mRNA vaccine in C57BL/6 mice.

Murine parainfluenza virus persists in lung innate immune cells sustaining chronic lung pathology.

Common respiratory viruses, including the human parainfluenza viruses, threaten human health seasonally and associate with the development of chronic lung diseases. Evidence suggests that these viruses can persist, but the sources of viral products in vivo and their impact on chronic respiratory diseases remain unknown. Using the murine parainfluenza virus Sendai, we demonstrate that viral protein and RNA persist in lung macrophages, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and dendritic cells long after the infectious virus is cleared.

Murine Parainfluenza Virus Persists in Lung Innate Immune Cells Sustaining Chronic Lung Pathology.

Respiratory viruses including the human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) are a constant burden to human health, with morbidity and mortality frequently increased after the acute phase of the infection. Although is proven that respiratory viruses can persist , the mechanisms of virus or viral products persistence, their sources, and their impact on chronic respiratory diseases are unknown. Here, we used Sendai virus (SeV) to model hPIV infection in mice and test whether virus persistence associates with the development of chronic lung disease.