Asian Australian Experiences of Racism During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Victoria: a Preliminary Analysis.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, reports of racism and racial discrimination towards those of an Asian cultural background have increased in culturally diverse countries around the world. The current study sought to gain clarity about Asian Australian experiences of racism by conducting inferential and descriptive analysis of cross-sectional survey data collected from the Australian state of Victoria ( = 436). Building on previous studies which have identified a range of modalities and consequences of COVID-19-related racism, participants were prompted to consider their experiences of racism in the year prior to the outbreak of COVID-19 as well as their experiences during the pandemic on four measures-Direct Experiences of Racism, Vicarious Experiences of Racism (online and in-person), Everyday Racism and Hypervigilance.

Retrospective analysis of alternate-day prednisone maintenance therapy for Crohn's disease.

We reviewed the medical records of 98 children with Crohn's disease followed at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh from 1983 to 1993 to evaluate the merits of alternate-day prednisone (AD) maintenance therapy once initial remission was achieved. Of the 98 children, 35 had adequate data recorded for eligibility to the study. Of these, 11 were in the AD group and 24 were in a group whose maintenance regimen did not include prednisone (NO).

Novel primitive swallowing reflex: facial receptor distribution and stimulus characteristics.

We recently described a primitive swallowing reflex: swallowing as a response to a puff of air administered to the face. To identify the facial afferent distribution of this response, the necessary characteristics of the stimulus, and the role of the infant's antecedent behavior, we studied 13 infants who had demonstrated this reflex. We evaluated nine infants by clinically observing for swallowing in response to a total of 135 stimulus applications.

The Santmyer swallow: a new and useful infant reflex.

A puff of air administered to the face of 102 subjects (from 33 week's gestation on the first day of life to age 42 years) elicited a reflex swallow identical to a normal primary peristaltic sequence in 88. Subjects who responded were younger than 24 months of age or severely disabled neurologically; those who did not respond were older than 11 months and free of neurological abnormality. Response was variable between 11 and 24 months.