Integrating environmental gradients into breeding: application of genomic reactions norms in a perennial species.

Global warming threatens the productivity of forest plantations. We propose here the integration of environmental information into a genomic evaluation scheme using individual reaction norms, to enable the quantification of resilience in forest tree improvement and conservation strategies in the coming decades. Random regression models were used to fit wood ring series, reflecting the longitudinal phenotypic plasticity of tree growth, according to various environmental gradients.

Host susceptibility factors render ripe tomato fruit vulnerable to fungal disease despite active immune responses.

The increased susceptibility of ripe fruit to fungal pathogens poses a substantial threat to crop production and marketability. Here, we coupled transcriptomic analyses with mutant studies to uncover critical processes associated with defense and susceptibility in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. Using unripe and ripe fruit inoculated with three fungal pathogens, we identified common pathogen responses reliant on chitinases, WRKY transcription factors, and reactive oxygen species detoxification.

Infection Strategies Deployed by , , and as a Function of Tomato Fruit Ripening Stage.

Worldwide, 20-25% of all harvested fruit and vegetables are lost annually in the field and throughout the postharvest supply chain due to rotting by fungal pathogens. Most postharvest pathogens exhibit necrotrophic or saprotrophic lifestyles, resulting in decomposition of the host tissues and loss of marketable commodities. Necrotrophic fungi can readily infect ripe fruit leading to the rapid establishment of disease symptoms.

[Biochemical and photochemical degradation of the herbicide lontrel].

Degradation of Lontrel by activated sludge (AS) of purification works and UV irradiation was studied. 3,6-Dichloropicolinic acid (3,6-DCPA, the main active principle of Lontrel) was not degraded by the microbial association of the AS. AS treated with nitrosourea under various conditions did not oxidize Lontrel either.