Expression of selected molecular factors in two types of endometrial cancer.

Background: Endometrial cancers (EC) are a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms differing in etiology, clinical-pathological features and prognosis.

Objectives: To determine the differences between the expression of selected molecular factors and find connections between them in order to isolate possible biomarkers influencing treatment options.

Material And Methods: The investigated data involved archival histological preparations obtained from uterine EC samples taken from 137 patients, treated surgically between 2007 and 2014.

When Is Immunohistochemistry Useful in Assessing Tumor Necrotic Tissue?

Background/aim: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) enables visualisation of the distribution of specific proteins, the differentiation of benign and malignant tumours, and the site and origin of a primary tumour. Surgical pathologists commonly examine tumours with extensive necrosis or non-viable tissue that may affect an accurate diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: We investigated the sensitivity and specificity of IHC on necrotic samples derived from adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma using different markers.

Diagnostics of Mutations in MMR/ Genes and Their Role in the Treatment and Care of Patients with Lynch Syndrome.

Lynch syndrome (LS), also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is a disorder caused by an autosomal dominant heterozygous germline mutation in one of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Individuals with LS are at an increased risk of developing colorectal and extracolonic cancers, such as endometrial, small bowel, or ovarian. In this review, the mutations involved with LS and their diagnostic methods are described and compared, as are their current uses in clinical decision making.

Copy number gains of the putative CRKL oncogene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma result in strong nuclear expression of the protein and influence cell proliferation and migration.

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a major medical problem worldwide. Although our understanding of genetic changes and their consequences in laryngeal cancer has opened new therapeutic pathways over the years, the diagnostic as well as treatment options still need to be improved. In our previous study, we identified CRKL (22q11) as a novel putative oncogene overexpressed and amplified in a subset of LSCC tumors and cell lines.

The role of nesfatin and selected molecular factors in various types of endometrial cancer.

Objectives: Endometrial cancers (ECs) are the most common gynaecological cancers in well developed countries. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are among the biggest risk factors. Nesfatin-1, the adipokine derivative of NUCB2 (nucleobindin derivative 2) is linked to the clinical course of EC.