[Medical monitoring and maintaining safety of cosmonauts on long-duration missions].

The paper considers key methodical, logistics and tactical aspects of enhancing cosmonaut's medical monitoring to ensure crew safety in long-duration space mission. Activities toward extension of the diagnostic capabilities included hardware development, choice of examination procedures and defining the content of physiological information that would be necessary and sufficient for evaluation, including in real-time, of the cardiovascular system function and capacity, planning functional tests procedures as close as possible to the generally accepted clinical protocols used in selection of candidates for cosmonauts, and pre- and post-flight examination; refining the objective criteria of test tolerance and termination, and end-of-mission LBNP training tolerance and effectiveness; constructing a fundamentally new structure for medical telemetry data acquisition and processing at the Moscow Mission Control Center (MCC-M).

[Some of the aspects of comparative analysis of the hemodynamic reactions to LBNP in cosmonauts of different age groups].

This was the first study of age-related differences of the cardiovascular system functioning and reactions to the LBNP test in career cosmonauts. Results of 174 LBNP tests performed within the standard medical monitoring program using Gamma-01 (orbital station Mir) and Gamma-lM (ISS) were subjected to comparative analysis. Thirty eight cosmonauts--members of 25 long-duration Mir and ISS missions were divided into two age groups, i.

[Diagnostic potential of the lower-body negative pressure test in medical monitoring during extended space flights].

To put into service the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of the lower body negative pressure test (LBNP) during extended space flights, cardiovascular reactions associated with various levels of test tolerance were analyzed and compared. The article gives account of 60 tests performed by 44 cosmonauts 33 to 53 years of age during 59- to 415-d flights. In 36 tests tolerance was good and in 24 - satisfactory.