In-hospital electrical muscle stimulation for patients early after heart failure decompensation: results from a prospective randomised controlled pilot trial.

Background: Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is being evaluated as a possible alternative to exercise training to improve functional capacity in severely deconditioned patients with heart failure (HF). However, there is insufficient data on delayed effects of EMS starting early after decompensation. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a short inpatient EMS intervention in severely deconditioned patients with HF on functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) over a follow-up period of 1 month.

[Predictive value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in various categories of patients with chronic heart value].

Aim: To specify the prognostic value of parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in patients with chronic heart value (CHF) on optimal medical treatment depending on gender, age, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiac rhythm and achievement of target respiratory exchange ratio (RER) > or = 1.0.

Materials And Methods: 111 patients (83 male, mean age 60.

[The vaccinal process after the peroral immunization of lambs with the Salmonella typhimurium 274 strain].

After oral immunization of lambs with S. typhimurium vaccine strain 274 these bacteria were characterized by low adhesion to the epithelial surface of the ileum, cecum, and colon, by very insignificant invasion into intestinal epithelium and then into lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes and the blood; the blood stream carried these bacteria further to the liver, spleen and other organs. Bacteria of strain 274 produced no damages, did not multiply and only persisted for 7-13 days in some lambs.

[The vaccinal process after the intramuscular immunization of sheep with Salmonella typhimurium strain 274].

After the immunization of sheep by the intramuscular injection of S. typhimurium vaccine strain 274 the bacteria did not proliferate, but were phagocytosed and destroyed by leukocytes and macrophages; in some sheep these bacteria persisted up to day 13, inducing inflammation neither at the site of injection, nor in lymphatic nodes and internal organs. The vaccinal process in lymphoid tissue was characterized by an initial decrease in the number of lymphocytes, then a sharp rise in blast transformation, mitosis rate and the number plasmatic cells in the centers of multiplication of follicules in lymph nodes and the spleen.