Vaccine Strategies for Cryptococcus neoformans.

Cryptococcus neoformans infections are a major worldwide concern as current treatment strategies are becoming less effective in alleviating the infection. The most extreme and fatal cases are those of immunocompromised individuals. Clinical treatments for cryptococcosis are limited to a few classes of approved drugs, and due to a rise in drug resistance, these drugs are becoming less effective.

Differential associations of five riverine organism groups with multiple stressors.

The decline of river and stream biodiversity results from multiple simultaneous occuring stressors, yet few studies explore responses explore responses across various taxonomic groups at the same locations. In this study, we address this shortcoming by using a coherent data set to study the association of nine commonly occurring stressors (five chemical, one morphological and three hydraulic) with five taxonomic groups (bacteria, fungi, diatoms, macro-invertebrates and fish). According to studies on single taxonomic groups, we hypothesise that gradients of chemical stressors structure community composition of all taxonomic groups, while gradients of hydraulic and morphological stressors are mainly related to larger organisms such as benthic macro-invertebrates and fish.

Imprints of ecological processes in the taxonomic core community: an analysis of naturally replicated microbial communities enclosed in oil.

It is widely assumed that a taxonomic core community emerges among microbial communities from similar habitats because similar environments select for the same taxa bearing the same traits. Yet, a core community itself is no indicator of selection because it may also arise from dispersal and neutral drift, i.e.

Mass Spectrometry Analysis Reveals Lipids Induced by Oxidative Stress in Extracellular Vesicles.

is a commensal fungus in healthy humans that causes infection in immunocompromised individuals through the secretion of several virulence factors. The successful establishment of infection is owing to elaborate strategies to cope with defensive molecules secreted by the host, including responses toward oxidative stress. Extracellular vesicle (EV) release is considered an alternative to the biomolecule secretory mechanism that favors fungal interactions with the host cells.

The impact of perinatal brain injury on retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and optic nerve head parameters of premature children.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the impact of birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and perinatal brain injury (PBI) on optic nerve head (ONH) parameters and nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in preterm children.

Methods: ONH parameters and RNFLT were examined prospectively in 5-15-year-old preterm and full-term children with RTVue-100 OCT (Optovue, USA). The parameters of the two groups were compared and possible influences of BW, GA, ROP, and PBI analyzed in preterm children.