Design and evaluation of an anthropomorphic neck phantom for improved ultrasound diagnostics of thyroid gland tumors.

Purpose: Thyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with ultrasound-guided biopsy being the method of choice for its early detection. The accuracy of diagnostics directly depends on the qualifications of the ultrasonographers, whose performance can be enhanced through training with phantoms. The aim of this study is to propose a reproducible methodology for designing a neck phantom for ultrasound training and research from widely available materials and to validate its applicability.

[Comparative analysis of the anthropometric parameters and body component content in girls with the disturbances of sexual development of chromosomal and non-chromosomal genesis].

195 girls aged 14-16 years with the disturbances of sexual development of chromosomal and non-chromosomal genesis were examined. In girls with Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome, the body mass and length, as well as the relative adipose tissue content, were significantly decreased as compared with those in girls with the disturbances of sexual development of non-chromosomal genesis. The differences in somatotype distribution between these groups were detected.

[Anthropometric parameters and body composition in girls with Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome].

Anthropometric parameters, body composition and somatotype distribution were examined in 91 girl with Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome, which develops as a result of sex chomosome anomaly. Somatotype definition was carried out using V.P.

[The proteinase and alpha 1-antitrypsin activities in the tissues during emotional stress in rabbits].

The experiments on rabbits under acute emotional stress have revealed a rise in activity of proteinases of blood serum, salivary glands and no changes of this activity in watery moisture of an eye. The activity of alpha-antitrypsin in watery moisture of an eye, unlike the blood serum, significantly increased, that evidently prevented the activation of proteolysis in it. The emotional stress is also accompanied by the intensification of fibrinolysis, one of the most important proteolytic systems of the blood.

[Role of the mucous barrier in the pathogenesis of stress ulcers of the stomach].

Using the model of immobilizing stress in rats, it has been established that the content of sialic acids in the stomach mucous membrane (SMM) and blood serum rises with simultaneous activation of proteolytic enzymes in them. The preliminary adaptation to short stressor influences parallel with an antipathogenic effect normalizes the content of sialic acids in the blood serum and SMM. The conclusion is made on the essential role of the degradation of gastric mucus in pathogenesis of stress ulcers.