Ancestry-linked stromal variations impact breast epithelial cell invasion.

Breast cancer is a significant health challenge worldwide, and disproportionately affects women of African ancestry (AA) who experience higher mortality rates relative to other racial/ethnic groups. Several studies have pointed to biological factors that affect breast cancer outcomes. A recently discovered stromal cell population that expresses P ROCR, Z EB1 and P DGFRα (PZP cells) was found to be enriched in normal healthy breast tissue from AA donors, and only in tumor adjacent tissues from donors of European ancestry (EA).

Applying Health Systems Science Competencies to Contribute to the COVID-19 Pandemic Response.

In the first quarter of 2020, nearly all U.S. medical schools transitioned to virtual instruction and removed medical students from clinical settings because of the emerging COVID-19 pandemic.

Sleep Disruption Impairs Sustained Attention in Food-Restricted Rats Using a Food-Reinforced Rodent Psychomotor Vigilance Test.

Purpose: Sleep disruption (SD) impairs sustained attention, and impairment is quantified with the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) in humans. In rats, food restriction attenuates SD's effects on sustained attention, limiting translation of rodent vigilance tests. The goal of the current study was to determine if a rodent PVT (rPVT) requiring high baseline performance using food restriction and reinforcement is sensitive to the effects of SD.

Improving wild animal welfare through contraception.

To date, research on the welfare impacts of wildlife contraceptives has mostly been focused on the potential harms of contraceptives. However, there are compelling theoretical reasons to expect direct and indirect welfare benefits of wildlife contraceptives. These positive welfare effects would be experienced by more than just the treated individuals, because per capita resource availability will increase with decreasing numbers of individuals sharing a resource.

A multi-region recurrent circuit for evidence accumulation in rats.

Decision-making based on noisy evidence requires accumulating evidence and categorizing it to form a choice. Here we evaluate a proposed feedforward and modular mapping of this process in rats: evidence accumulated in anterodorsal striatum (ADS) is categorized in prefrontal cortex (frontal orienting fields, FOF). Contrary to this, we show that both regions appear to be indistinguishable in their encoding/decoding of accumulator value and communicate this information bidirectionally.