IL-21/IL-21R signaling renders acute myeloid leukemia stem cells more susceptible to cytarabine treatment and CAR T cell therapy.

Self-renewal programs in leukemia stem cells (LSCs) predict poor prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We identify CD4 T cell-derived interleukin (IL)-21 as an important negative regulator of self-renewal of LSCs. IL-21/IL-21R signaling favors asymmetric cell division and differentiation in LSCs through the activation of p38-MAPK signaling, resulting in reduced LSC numbers and significantly prolonged survival in murine AML models.

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El espectro de enfermedades neurodegenerativas que afectan principalmente a la cognición y el comportamiento abarca desde la enfermedad preclínica asintomática hasta el deterioro cognitivo muy leve y la demencia franca. En este artículo se procedió a  la revisión  de los criterios actuales para el diagnóstico de la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy, segunda causa más frecuente de demencia neurodegenerativa en personas mayores de 65 años luego de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y las afasias progresivas primarias que se distinguen por producir un compromiso temprano y aislado de las funciones lingüísticas, y en cuya evolución desarrollan un síndrome complejo caracterizado, además del compromiso del lenguaje, por la presencia de deterioro cognitivo progresivo, trastornos de conducta y compromiso de los sistemas motores. También pueden representar la forma de comienzo de una variante atípica de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), no siendo raras las formas mixtas o no caracterizables.

T and Treg Regulatory T Cell Subsets as Potential Indicators of Graft Tolerance Control in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Identification of early signatures of immune rejection represents a key challenge in the clinical management of kidney transplant. To address such an issue, we enrolled 53 kidney transplant recipients without signs of graft rejection, no infectious episodes and no change in the immunosuppressive regimen in the last 6 months. An extensive immune profile revealed increased activation of the T cells, a decreased amount and growth ability of the Treg and a higher level of the T regulatory T cell subset, described by us as involved in the preferential control of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Immune Profile in COVID-19: Unveiling T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The emergence of COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), presented a global health challenge since its identification in December 2019. With clinical manifestations ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe multi-organ dysfunction, COVID-19 continues to affect populations worldwide. The complex interactions between SARS-CoV-2 variants and the human immune system are crucial for developing effective therapies, vaccines, and preventive measures.

Involvement of K3.4 Channel in Parkinson's Disease: A Key Player in the Control of Midbrain and Striatum Differential Vulnerability during Disease Progression?

Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, is characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn), mitochondrial dysfunction, Ca dyshomeostasis, and neuroinflammation. Since current treatments for PD merely address symptoms, there is an urgent need to identify the PD pathophysiological mechanisms to develop better therapies. Increasing evidence has identified K3.