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The role of schemas is well established in personality disorders. Their influence on therapy outcome of patients with Axis I disorders remains unclear. Therefore, patients with a panic disorder (PD) with/without agoraphobia varying in their expression of early maladaptive schemas were examined regarding therapy outcomes after exposure therapy.

Preliminary results of anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations predicting therapy outcome in panic disorder.

Background: Patients with panic disorder (PD) show alterations of the immune reactivity to acute stress, which could serve as a marker for effective treatment. Nevertheless, the effect of immune reactivity under acute stress before treatment on therapy outcome remains unclear.

Methods: A total of  = 16 PD patients performed the Trier Social Test.

Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 predict therapy outcome of female patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.

PTSD patients show alterations of the immune system, mainly a 'low-grade inflammation'. Psychotherapeutic treatments are meant to reduce symptom burden of PTSD patients but 30-50% of PTSD patients do not benefit from psychotherapy. Therefore, in this study, the predictive effect of cytokine levels on therapy outcome are investigated.

Stress-induced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in female PTSD and depressive patients.

Alterations of the hypothalamus pituitary-axis on one hand and heightened rates of somatic diseases and mortality on the other hand are consistently found for PTSD and MDD patients. A possible link between these factors might be the immune system, in particular pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A 'low-grade inflammation' in PTSD and MDD patients was found, whereas the influence of acute stress and the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines was rarely examined.

Patient's and the Therapist's Attachment Representations, Attachment to Therapists, and Self-Esteem-Change Through Psychotherapy.

The present naturalistic study aims to investigate the differential effects of the patient's and the therapist's attachment representations on the attachment to the therapist as perceived by the patient, and their impact on self-esteem-change through psychotherapy. Attachment variables of = 573 patients as well as = 16 therapists were assessed. Attachment representations were measured for therapists and patients via the Bielefelder Questionnaire for Client Attachment Exploration, the Relationship Specific Attachment to Therapist Scales and the Adult Attachment Interview.