Ultrafast Laser Material Damage Simulation-A New Look at an Old Problem.

The chirped pulse amplification technique has enabled the generation of pulses of a few femtosecond duration with peak powers multi-Tera and Peta-Watt in the near infrared. Its implementation to realize even shorter pulse duration, higher energy, and higher repetition rate laser systems relies on overcoming the limitations imposed by laser damage of critical components. In particular, the laser damage of coatings in the amplifiers and in post-compression optics have become a bottleneck.

Single-Shot Multi-Stage Damage and Ablation of Silicon by Femtosecond Mid-infrared Laser Pulses.

Although ultrafast laser materials processing has advanced at a breakneck pace over the last two decades, most applications have been developed with laser pulses at near-IR or visible wavelengths. Recent progress in mid-infrared (MIR) femtosecond laser source development may create novel capabilities for material processing. This is because, at high intensities required for such processing, wavelength tuning to longer wavelengths opens the pathway to a special regime of laser-solid interactions.

Controlled modification of biomolecules by ultrashort laser pulses in polar liquids.

Targeted chemical modification of peptides and proteins by laser pulses in a biologically relevant environment, i.e. aqueous solvent at room temperature, allows for accurate control of biological processes.

[PERIOPERATIVE EPIDURAL ANALGESIA IN LUNG SURGERY IN LOW FUNCTIONAL RESPIRATORY RESERVE PATIENTS].

It is now proven that the use of thoracic epidural blockage in thoracic surgery results in a significant reduction in the incidence of pulmonary infection, reduces the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the ICU. Moreover, the epidural analgesia is the most effective way of pain relief which is especially important after lung operations. Finding the most optimal variant of the method has drawn attention to a procedure based on the use of small doses of local anesthetic (ropivacaine), opioid (fentanyl) and epinephrine, as proposed by the Norwegian anesthesiologists Breivik and Niemi.

Radical removal of a malignant mediastinum hemangioendothelioma with restoration of the main blood supply to the brain.

46 year old man appealed to the Cancer Research Center of RAMS in October 2012 with unverified anterior superior mediastinal tumor, which was diagnosed in 2010. Progressive compartment syndrome of the superior vena cava was observed. On examination: CT, MRI, angiography, histological and cytological examination of biopsy material did not allow to confirm the morphological structure of the tumor.