Macro- and Nano-Porous Ag Electrodes Enable Selective and Stable Aqueous CO Reduction.

Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO) reduction from aqueous solutions offers a promising strategy to overcome flooding and salt precipitation in gas diffusion electrodes used in gas-phase CO electrolysis. However, liquid-phase CO electrolysis often exhibits low CO reduction rates because of limited CO availability. Here, a macroporous Ag mesh is employed and activated to achieve selective CO conversion to CO with high rates from an aqueous bicarbonate solution.

Water-hydroxide trapping in cobalt tungstate for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis.

The oxygen evolution reaction is the bottleneck to energy-efficient water-based electrolysis for the production of hydrogen and other solar fuels. In proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), precious metals have generally been necessary for the stable catalysis of this reaction. In this work, we report that delamination of cobalt tungstate enables high activity and durability through the stabilization of oxide and water-hydroxide networks of the lattice defects in acid.

Direct Operando Visualization of Metal Support Interactions Induced by Hydrogen Spillover During CO Hydrogenation.

The understanding of catalyst active sites is a fundamental challenge for the future rational design of optimized and bespoke catalysts. For instance, the partial reduction of Ce surface sites to Ce and the formation of oxygen vacancies are critical for CO hydrogenation, CO oxidation, and the water gas shift reaction. Furthermore, metal nanoparticles, the reducible support, and metal support interactions are prone to evolve under reaction conditions; therefore a catalyst structure must be characterized under operando conditions to identify active states and deduce structure-activity relationships.

High-rate and selective conversion of CO from aqueous solutions to hydrocarbons.

Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO) conversion to hydrocarbon fuels, such as methane (CH), offers a promising solution for the long-term and large-scale storage of renewable electricity. To enable this technology, CO-to-CH conversion must achieve high selectivity and energy efficiency at high currents. Here, we report an electrochemical conversion system that features proton-bicarbonate-CO mass transport management coupled with an in-situ copper (Cu) activation strategy to achieve high CH selectivity at high currents.

Association study of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genetic polymorphism 677C>T with schizophrenia in hospitalized patients in population of European Russia.

The purpose of the research was to investigate the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (hereinafter MTHFR) genetic polymorphism 677C>T with schizophrenia in the Russian population in comparison with the control group of healthy blood donors. Also some characteristics of schizophrenia were examined in patients with/without defective T-allele of MTHFR677C>T polymorphism. 500 patients with schizophrenia and 499 blood donors were examined for T-allele carriage of polymorphism MTHFR677C>T by PCR method.