The influence of antiferromagnetic spin cantings on the magnetic helix pitch in cubic helimagnets.

In cubic helimagnets MnSi and CuOSeOwith their nearly isotropic magnetic properties, the magnetic structure undergoes helical deformation, which is almost completely determined by the helicoid wavenumberk=D/J, where magnetization field stiffnessJis associated with isotropic spin exchange, andDis a pseudoscalar value characterizing the antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction. Another magnetic feature of these crystals, also caused by the DM interactions, are antiferromagnetic spin cantings, similar to the ferromagnetic cantings responsible for the phenomenon of weak ferromagnetism. Here we show that cantings can strongly influence the helical order through the value of the parameterD.

Lmx1a is a master regulator of the cortical hem.

Development of the nervous system depends on signaling centers - specialized cellular populations that produce secreted molecules to regulate neurogenesis in the neighboring neuroepithelium. In some cases, signaling center cells also differentiate to produce key types of neurons. The formation of a signaling center involves its induction, the maintenance of expression of its secreted molecules, and cell differentiation and migration events.

Ptf1a expression is necessary for correct targeting of spiral ganglion neurons within the cochlear nuclei.

Two transcription factors, Atoh1 and Ptf1a, are essential for cochlear nuclei development. Atoh1 is needed to develop glutamatergic neurons, while Ptf1a is required to generate glycinergic and GABAergic neurons that migrate into the cochlear nucleus. While central projections of inner ear afferents are normal following loss of Atoh1, we wanted to know whether the loss of Ptf1a affects central projections.

Cerebellar development after preterm birth.

Preterm birth and its complications and the associated adverse factors, including brain hemorrhage, inflammation, and the side effects of medical treatments, are the leading causes of neurodevelopmental disability. Growing evidence suggests that preterm birth affects the cerebellum, which is the brain region involved in motor coordination, cognition, learning, memory, and social communication. The cerebellum is particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of preterm birth because key cerebellar developmental processes, including the proliferation of neural progenitors, and differentiation and migration of neurons, occur in the third trimester of a human pregnancy.