Dynamics of Cattle Production in Brazil.

Movement of livestock production within a country or region has implications for genetics, adaptation, well-being, nutrition, and production logistics, particularly in continental-sized countries, such as Brazil. Cattle production in Brazil from 1977 to 2011 was spatialized, and the annual midpoint of production was calculated. Changes in the relative production and acceleration of production were calculated and spatialized using ARCGIS®.

Current implications of drug resistance in spinal cord injury.

A 54-yr-old man with C6 quadriplegia and a neurogenic bowel and bladder was evaluated for clearance of a urinary tract infection after treatment for organisms susceptible to the antibiotics used, and an organism resistant to all antibiotics on the panel grew on the initial follow-up urine culture. Multidrug-resistant organisms present increasing challenges and risks in the management of the neurogenic bladder in patients with spinal cord injury. In an effort to control and reduce the impact and risk associated with these organisms, management methods of the neurogenic bladder and infection control policies should be adjusted according to guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and related research; such policies could include surveillance for multidrug-resistant organisms and isolation of patients who test positive for these organisms.

[Surgical training in Switzerland].

The training protocol for Swiss surgeons has become obsolete and too many new surgeons are being granted specialist diplomas. A revision of surgical training will have to take into account increasing patient demands, the multidisciplinary nature of treatments, and rapid progress in surgical techniques. It should allow the possibility of earlier specialization within the field of general surgery, but reserved to those surgeons who will remain in major hospital centres in the long term.