Lung Ultrasound in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Narrative Review of the Last 10 Years.

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common and potentially life-threatening condition in preterm infants, primarily due to surfactant deficiency. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to guide timely interventions such as surfactant administration and respiratory support. Traditionally, chest X-rays have been used for diagnosis, but lung ultrasound (LUS) has gained prominence due to its non-invasive, radiation-free, and bedside applicability.

Practical Way to Use Supraglottic Airway Device.

We read a review of case reports published on Current Pediatric Reviews 2024 about the use of I-gel® in neonatal complicated intubation, and we decided to write a commentary on the benefits and limitations of using supraglottic airways in neonatal age, with a specific focus on Igel [1]. The use of supraglottic airway devices in neonatal ages is limited to particular conditions, but further research is showing the utility of these devices as the first choice in neonatal resuscitation or airway stabilization. Our commentary highlights the broader practical applications of I-gel and reinforces its role as a valuable tool in neonatal resuscitation.

Predictive Role of Reticulocyte Fluorescence for Late Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

Background: Nearly 58% of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants receive at least one red blood cell transfusion, which is not without risk. Reticulocyte fluorescence (RF) indicates the degree of cell maturation. The greater the fluorescence, the greater the immaturity of the reticulocytes.

Hypoxic ischemic brain injury: animal models reveal new mechanisms of melatonin-mediated neuroprotection.

Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation play a key role in the development of hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) induced brain damage. Following H-I, rapid neuronal death occurs during the acute phase of inflammation, and activation of the oxidant-antioxidant system contributes to the brain damage by activated microglia. So far, in an animal model of perinatal H-I, it was showed that neuroprostanes are present in all brain damaged areas, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum.

Vitamin K insufficiency and the prophylaxis strategy in term healthy infants: A multicentre study.

Background/aim: Late vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) during early infancy is a serious problem worldwide. Vitamin K (VK) deficiency commonly occurs in newborns who are exclusively breastfed. Protein Induced by VK Absence (PIVKA-II) has been identified as an early indicator of subclinical VK deficiency in neonates, surpassing prothrombin time.