Cortico-cortical evoked potentials of language tracts in minimally invasive glioma surgery guided by Penfield stimulation.

Objective: We investigated the feasibility of recording cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) in patients with low- and high-grade glioma. We compared CCEPs during awake and asleep surgery, as well as those stimulated from the functional Broca area and recorded from the functional Wernicke area (BtW), and vice versa (WtB). We also analyzed CCEP properties according to tumor location, histopathology, and aphasia.

Advancing Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring With Human Reflexes.

Human reflexes are simple motor responses that are automatically elicited by various sensory inputs. These reflexes can provide valuable insights into the functioning of the nervous system, particularly the brainstem and spinal cord. Reflexes involving the brainstem, such as the blink reflex, laryngeal adductor reflex, trigeminal hypoglossal reflex, and masseter H reflex, offer immediate information about the cranial-nerve functionality and the overall state of the brainstem.

Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring and Mapping During Surgery on Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors in Children and Adolescents.

Surgical resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors carries significant risks of neurologic deficits, especially in cases of infiltrative tumors. In pediatric patients, this type of surgery may be associated with a high risk of poor neurologic outcome. Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring has been adopted as part of the clinical routine by many centers as a useful adjunct for intraoperative assessment of neurologic integrity.

Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring and Mapping in Children Undergoing Brainstem Surgery.

Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring during surgery for brainstem lesions is a challenge for intraoperative neurophysiologists and surgeons. The brainstem is a small structure packed with vital neuroanatomic networks of long and short pathways passing through the brainstem or originating from it. Many central pattern generators exist within the brainstem for breathing, swallowing, chewing, cardiovascular regulation, and eye movement.

Deep brain stimulation in disorders of consciousness: 10 years of a single center experience.

Disorders of consciousness (DoC), namely unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and minimally conscious state (MCS), represent severe conditions with significant consequences for patients and their families. Several studies have reported the regaining of consciousness in such patients using deep brain stimulation (DBS) of subcortical structures or brainstem nuclei. Our study aims to present the 10 years' experience of a single center using DBS as a therapy on a cohort of patients with DoC.