Numerical comparison is spatial-Except when it is not.

The numerical distance effect (NDE) is an important tool for probing the nature of numerical representation. Across two studies, we assessed the degree to which the NDE relates to one's performance on spatial tasks to investigate the role of spatial processing in numerical comparison and, by extension, numerical cognition. We administered numerical comparison tasks and a variety of tasks thought to tap into different aspects of spatial processing.

It is a "small world": Relations between performance on five spatial tasks and five mathematical tasks in undergraduate students.

One of the most robust relations in cognition is that between spatial and mathematical reasoning. One important question is whether this relation is domain general or if specific relations exist between performance on different types of spatial tasks and performance on different types of mathematical tasks. In this study, we explore unique relations between performance on five spatial tasks and five mathematical tasks.

Detection of and Four Other CRC-Associated Bacteria in Patient Stools Reveals a Potential "Driver" Role for Enterotoxigenic .

Purpose: subspecies () is an opportunistic pathogen causing invasive infections in the elderly often associated with colon neoplasia. The prevalence of in the stools of patients with normal colonoscopy (control) was compared with patients with colorectal adenomas (CRA) or with carcinomas (CRC) from stages I to IV. The presence of the s island encoding colibactin as well as other CRC-associated bacteria such as toxicogenic , , and was also investigated.

Testing the specificity of links between anxiety and performance within mathematics and spatial reasoning.

Anxiety within the domains of math and spatial reasoning have consistently been shown to predict performance within those domains. However, little work has focused on how specific these associations are. Across two studies, we systematically tested the degree of specificity in relations between anxiety and performance within math and spatial reasoning.

Spatial anxiety and spatial ability: Mediators of gender differences in math anxiety.

Females tend to be more anxious than males while engaging in mathematics, which has been linked to lower math performance and higher math avoidance. A possible repercussion of this gender difference is the underrepresentation of females in STEM fields (science, technology, engineering, and math), as math competencies are an essential part of succeeding in such fields. A related, but distinct, area of research suggests that males tend to outperform females in tasks that require spatial processing (i.