Transcriptome Profile Alterations with Carbon Nanotubes, Quantum Dots, and Silver Nanoparticles: A Review.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has revolutionized sequence-based research. In recent years, high-throughput sequencing has become the method of choice in studying the toxicity of chemical agents through observing and measuring changes in transcript levels. Engineered nanomaterial (ENM)-toxicity has become a major field of research and has adopted microarray and newer RNA-Seq methods.

Multisite validation of a simple electronic health record algorithm for identifying diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: We examined the performance of a simple algorithm to accurately distinguish cases of diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and noncases using the electronic health record (EHR) across six health systems in the United States.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of EHR data was performed. The algorithm defined cases as individuals with ≥ 2 instances of specific International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and/or ICD-10 diagnostic codes (327.

Neisseria lactamica attenuates TLR-1/2-induced cytokine responses in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells using PPAR-γ.

The upper respiratory tract commensal Neisseria lactamica (Nlac) induces protective humoral immunity against pathogenic Nmen serogroup B (Nmen), but whether it also affords anti-inflammatory mucosal protection, as reported for several gut commensals, has not been investigated. Here we demonstrate for the first time that Nlac weakly induces inflammatory responses compared with Nmen in the nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line, Detroit 562, and that Nlac achieves this by attenuation of secretory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) and to a lesser extent chemokine (IL-8 and RANTES) responses. Culture of Detroit cells with Nlac inhibited the induction of cytokine-chemokine mRNA by Nmen, reduced Nmen-induced NF-κβ activity and increased constitutive PPAR-γ protein expression.

Neisseria lactamica selectively induces mitogenic proliferation of the naive B cell pool via cell surface Ig.

Neisseria lactamica is a commensal bacteria that colonizes the human upper respiratory tract mucosa during early childhood. In contrast to the closely related opportunistic pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, there is an absence of adaptive cell-mediated immunity to N. lactamica during the peak age of carriage.

T cell memory response to pneumococcal protein antigens in an area of high pneumococcal carriage and disease.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of vaccine-preventable disease worldwide. Pneumococcal protein antigens are currently under study as components of potential vaccines that offer protection against multiple serotypes. We have therefore characterized T cell pneumococcal immunity acquired through asymptomatic carriage.