Sports Physiology in Adolescent Track-and-Field Athletes: A Narrative Review.

The present study aimed to review the physiological aspects of adolescent track-and-field (TAF) athletes. A search of Scopus on 27/12/2022 using the syntax ABS (track-and-field) AND ABS (children) OR ABS (adolescent) showed 121 documents, and 45 were considered for further analysis. In addition, handsearching was conducted to identify Russian literature missing in Scopus.

[Polymorphism of Uncoupling Protein Genes in Football Players: Investigation of the Functional Role.].

We studied the polymorphism of uncoupling protein genes (families UCPI, 2 and 3) and FTO gene in football players and compared the results with the data obtained in non-sportsmen. All these genes encode the proteins that take part in the regulation of body weight. However, we observed an increased percentage of the carriers of "sparing" allele of the UCP3 gene; the allele frequency of other studied genes showed the same tendency.

[Physiological Laws of Ontogenesis and Their Possible Applications to the Theory of Sports Training].

The article is an attempt of a theoretical analysis of the most important physiological laws of ontogenesis and their applicability to the process of adaptation to physical exercise as a result of sports training. The hypothesis of this analysis is that the basic physiological principles (laws) of the organism development can be used in the construction of sports training. Indeed, for the long-term adaptation are important principles of heterochrony and of periodization, while other systemic patterns that are typical for ontogenesis can not be observed in the process of adaptation to exercise or have some specific features of manifestation.

[The physiological analysis of cross adaptation to regular cold exposure and physical activities].

Research is devoted to the comparative analysis of results of cold adaptation and physical training. The adaptive shifts occurring in an organism under the influence of a hardening (douche by a cold shower 2 times a day 2 minutes long within 6 weeks) and running training on the treadmill (30 minutes at 70-80% of individual VO2max, 3 times a week, within 6 weeks) were compared at 6 the same subjects. The interval between the two cycles of training was no less than 3 months.