Publications by authors named "V Costantini"
Article Synopsis
- mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, like Moderna's, are effective in reducing severe COVID-19 outcomes and have been studied for their immune responses, but less is known about antibody presence in saliva and mucosal fluids.
- A study involving 203 CDC staff members was conducted to analyze the salivary immune response by collecting saliva samples before and after vaccination, focusing on specific antibodies (IgA and IgG) against SARS-CoV-2.
- Results showed that salivary IgA levels peaked shortly after each vaccine dose, while IgG levels increased after the first dose, peaked after the second, and remained elevated for at least two months; however, more research is needed for long-term antibody tracking beyond this period.
Article Synopsis
- Fecal-orally transmitted gastroenteritis viruses, especially human noroviruses, are a major public health issue linked to contaminated water, but their infectivity has been hard to measure in lab settings.
- This study tested the human intestinal enteroids (HIE) model to evaluate the infectivity of various gastroenteritis viruses in wastewater, finding that this method efficiently supported viral replication without needing complex sample handling.
- Of the 28 wastewater samples tested, 57% showed viral replication, with multiple viral types coexisting in some samples, demonstrating the HIE model's effectiveness in identifying infectious gastroenteritis viruses in real-world wastewater.
While socioeconomic and institutional factors are crucial in explaining the onset and evolution of conflicts, recent research suggests that climate change is a further indirect driver acting as a "threat multiplier". This paper focuses on the concept of vulnerability to both climate change and conflicts to explain why some locations are more likely to engage in armed conflicts than others in the presence of a similar level of exposure to climatic changes. In particular, by means of a Spatial Autoregressive Model, we identify a set of local-specific vulnerability factors that increase conflict risk in East Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: This study aimed to compare the heat inactivation kinetics of viable human norovirus with the surrogate, MS2 bacteriophage as well as assess the decay of the RNA signal.
Methods And Results: Human intestinal enteroids were used to analyze the heat inactivation kinetics of viable human norovirus compared to the surrogate MS2 bacteriophage, which was cultured using a plaque assay. Norovirus decay rates were 0.
Genogroup II (GII) noroviruses are a major cause of diarrheal disease burden in children in both high- and low-income countries. GII.17 noroviruses are composed of distinct genetic clusters (I, II, IIIa, and IIIb) and have shown potential for replacing historically more prevalent GII.
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