Effects of Veliparib on Microglial Activation and Functional Outcomes after Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat and Pig.

The inflammation response induced by brain trauma can impair recovery. This response requires several hours to develop fully and thus provides a clinically relevant therapeutic window of opportunity. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors suppress inflammatory responses, including brain microglial activation.

Interventional magnetic resonance imaging-guided cell transplantation into the brain with radially branched deployment.

Intracerebral cell transplantation is being pursued as a treatment for many neurological diseases, and effective cell delivery is critical for clinical success. To facilitate intracerebral cell transplantation at the scale and complexity of the human brain, we developed a platform technology that enables radially branched deployment (RBD) of cells to multiple target locations at variable radial distances and depths along the initial brain penetration tract with real-time interventional magnetic resonance image (iMRI) guidance. iMRI-guided RBD functioned as an "add-on" to standard neurosurgical and imaging workflows, and procedures were performed in a commonly available clinical MRI scanner.

Radially branched deployment for more efficient cell transplantation at the scale of the human brain.

Background: In preclinical studies, cell transplantation into the brain has shown great promise for the treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases. However, the use of a straight cannula and syringe for cell delivery to the human brain does not approximate cell distribution achieved in animal studies. This technical deficiency may limit the successful clinical translation of cell transplantation.

Efficacy of reductive ventricular osmotherapy in a swine model of traumatic brain injury.

Background: The presence of osmotic gradients in the development of cerebral edema and the effectiveness of osmotherapy are well recognized. A modification of ventriculostomy catheters described in this article provides a method of osmotherapy that is not currently available. The reductive ventricular osmotherapy (RVOT) catheter removes free water from ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by incorporating hollow fibers that remove water vapor, thereby providing osmotherapy without increasing osmotic load.

Intranasal deferoxamine provides increased brain exposure and significant protection in rat ischemic stroke.

Deferoxamine (DFO) is a high-affinity iron chelator approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating iron overload. Preclinical research suggests that systemically administered DFO prevents and treats ischemic stroke damage and intracerebral hemorrhage. However, translation into human trials has been limited, probably because of difficulties with DFO administration.