Integrated insights into the cytological, histochemical, and cell wall composition features of Espinosa nothofagi (Hymenoptera) gall tissues: implications for functionality.

Many insect-induced galls are considered complex structures due to their tissue compartmentalization and multiple roles performed by them. The current study investigates the complex interaction between Nothofagus obliqua host plant and the hymenopteran gall-inducer Espinosa nothofagi, focusing on cell wall properties and cytological features. The E.

Aerial and terrestrial root habits influence the composition of the cell walls of Vanilla phaeantha (Orchidaceae).

In response to the restrictions imposed by their epiphytic habit, orchids have developed structural traits that allow greater efficiency in water uptake and use, such as a complex adventitious root system with velamen. The composition of cell wall of this specialized epidermis can be altered according to the substrate to which it is fixed, influencing wall permeability, absorption, and storage of water in roots. The current study aimed to evaluate the cell wall composition of adventitious roots of Vanilla phaeantha (Orchidaceae) that grow attached to the phorophyte, fixed in the soil, or hung free.

Hemiptera-induced galls of Sapium glandulosum have histological and cytological compartmentalization created with a large amount of carbohydrate.

Gall formation impacts the development of plant species by altering the structure and mobilization of reserves, and the functional and physiological patterns of the host organ. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact generated by the Neolithus fasciatus galling insect (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in Sapium glandulosum leaves (Euphorbiaceae) at the cytological, histological, histochemical, and biochemical levels. Non-galled leaves and galls in the young, mature, and senescent stages were evaluated.

Nutritive tissue rich in reserves in the cell wall and protoplast: the case of Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae) galls induced by Iatrophobia brasiliensis (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae).

The galls can offer shelter, protection, and an adequate diet for the gall-inducing organisms. Herein, we evaluated the structure of Manihot esculenta leaves and galls induced by Iatrophobia brasiliensis in order to identify metabolic and cell wall composition changes. We expected to find a complex gall with high primary metabolism in a typical nutritive tissue.

Galls induced by a root-knot nematode in Petroselinum crispum (Mill.): impacts on host development, histology, and cell wall dynamics.

Infection by the root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, impacts crop productivity worldwide, including parsley cultures (Petroselinum crispum). Meloidogyne infection involves a complex relationship between the pathogen and the host plant tissues, leading to the formation of galls and feeding sites that disorganize the vascular system, affecting the development of cultures. Herein, we sought to evaluate the impact of RKN on the agronomic traits, histology, and cell wall components of parsley, with emphasis on giant cell formation.