Pain Study in X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy in Males and Females.

Introduction: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a metabolic disorder in which very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are accumulated in the nervous system and adrenal cortex, impairing their functions. Three main variants are described in males: adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), a cerebral form (cALD or cAMN) and Addison's disease only (AD), while for females no classification is used. To evaluate pain and the functional state of afferent fibers, a series of tests was carried out in male and female patients.

Cardiocirculatory intraoperative assessment during single-shot caudal anaesthesia in children: comparison between levobupivacaine and ropivacaine.

Background: Caudal block with levobupivacaine or ropivacaine is the most commonly used regional anaesthesia in children.

Methods: The aim of study was to compare the cardiocirculatory profile induced in two matched groups of young patients, submitted to caudal anaesthesia with levobupivacaine or ropivacaine for an elective subumbilical surgery. Sixty children were enrolled: thirty received levopubivacaine 0.

Menopause affects pain depending on pain type and characteristics.

Objective: Women are more affected than men by many chronic pain conditions, suggesting the effect of sex-related mechanisms in their occurrence. The role of gonadal hormones has been studied but with contrasting results depending on the pain syndrome, reproductive status, and hormone considered. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pain changes related to the menopausal transition period.

Lymphocyte TRPV 1-4 gene expression and MIF blood levels in a young girl clinically diagnosed with HSAN IV.

Objective: Patients with congenital insensitivity to pain are unable to sense pain and temperature. They undergo many injuries, inflammatory state, and infections. Various mutations in the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor gene have been implicated in this disorder.