Interaction between central cholecystokinin and dopaminergic system in layer-type chickens' food intake.

The mechanisms governing food intake and appetite regulation in the brain are intricate and vary across different animal species. Dopamine and cholecystokinin (CCK) are recognized as two critical neurotransmitters involved in the control of food intake; however, the potential interactions between these neurotransmitters remain poorly understood. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the interactions between central CCK and the dopaminergic system in the feeding behavior of layer-type chickens.

The Modulatory Role of Orexin 1 Receptor in Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) on Spatial Memory in Rats.

Neuropeptide orexin mainly exists in neurons within and around the lateral hypothalamus and exhibits high affinity to orexin 1 and 2 receptors (OX1R and OX2R, respectively). Orexinergic neurons send their axons to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which expresses OX1Rs. Previous studies have shown the involvement of orexins and their role in learning and memory processes in the dorsal raphe nucleus and hippocampus.

Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Protein Levels in Sperm of Obese Men with and without Diabetes; Cellular Approach in Male Infertility.

Objective: Although the role of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) in male infertility is well established, little information about the underlying cellular mechanisms in infertility is available. In this sense, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) has been recognized as an important regulator in obesity and DM; However, its function in the pathogenesis of male infertility has never been studied in obese or men who suffer from diabetes. Therefore, the main goal of current research is assessing NF-kB existence and activity in ejaculated human spermatozoa considering the obesity and diabetics condition of males.

Possible effects of the central adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors on hypophagia induced by neuromedin S in neonatal layer-type chicks.

The current study was aimed to determine the possible effects of the central adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors in neuromedin S (NMS)-induced hypophagia in neonatal layer-type chickens. In the first experiment, control solution, and NMS (0.25, 0.

Role of Dopaminergic and Cannabinoidergic Receptors on Ghrelin-Induced Hypophagia in 5-Day-Old Broiler Chicken.

The present study aimed to identify the role of dopaminergic and cannabinoidergic systems in the ghrelin-induced hypophagia among meat-type chickens. In the first experiment, intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection was applied to birds with control solution, D receptor antagonist (5 nmol), ghrelin (6 nmol), and D1 receptor antagonist plus ghrelin. The second to sixth experiments were similar to the first one, with the difference that D receptor antagonist (5 nmol), D receptor antagonist (6.