Dorsal and Ventral Plumage Coloration Evolve as Distinct Modules with Different Environmental Correlations.

AbstractMany animals exhibit contrast between their dorsal coloration and their ventral coloration. If selection acts differently on dorsal versus ventral coloration, ancestral covariance between these traits should break down, eventually leading to independent modules of trait evolution. Here, we compare the evolution of feather color across body regions for a clade of Australasian songbirds (Meliphagoidea).

A late burst of colour evolution in a radiation of songbirds (Passeriformes: Parulidae) suggests secondary contact drives signal divergence.

Evolutionary radiations provide important insights into species diversification, which is especially true of adaptive radiations. New World wood warblers (Parulidae) are a family of small, insectivorous, forest-dwelling passerine birds, often considered an exemplar of adaptive radiation due to their rapid diversification followed by a slowdown. However, they deviate from the expectations of an adaptive radiation scenario due to the lack of conspicuous morphological and ecological differentiation.

The Evolution of Local Co-occurrence in Birds in Relation to Latitude, Degree of Sympatry, and Range Symmetry.

AbstractRecent speciation rates and the degree of range-wide sympatry are usually higher farther from the equator. Is there also a higher degree of secondary syntopy (coexistence in local assemblages in sympatry) at higher latitudes and, subsequently, an increase in local species richness? We studied the evolution of syntopy in passerine birds using worldwide species distribution data. We chose recently diverged species pairs from subclades not older than 5 or 7 million years, range-wide degree of sympatry not lower than 5% or 25%, and three definitions of the breeding season.

Decreased burden of revision hip replacements despite substantial rise in prevalence: a register-based analysis in Finland.

Background And Purpose: While the incidence of THR operations has been established, little is known about the prevalence or the ratio of the annual number of revision THRs to the total number of THRs in the general population. By combining data from nationwide registers, we calculated the annual prevalence of THRs and the revision burden caused by THR survivors in Finland.

Patients And Methods: All primary THRs performed between 1980 and 2020 were identified from the Finnish Arthroplasty Register (FAR).

Rapid rise in prevalence of knee replacements and decrease in revision burden over past 3 decades in Finland: a register-based analysis.

Background And Purpose: The prevalence of knee joint replacements (KJR) has been less investigated in situations where the increase in incidence is known. This study investigated the annual and population-based prevalence of KJR and the relationship between the prevalence of KJRs and the incidence of revision surgery.

Patients And Methods: All KJRs performed between 1980 and 2020 were identified from the Finnish Arthroplasty Register (FAR).