[The concepts and conceptual models of psychopharmacology].

The present approaches to the testing and use of drugs, psychotropic ones in particular, are characterized by inadequate efficiency: the ratio of agents successfully undergone preclinical, clinical, and postclinical tests is 100:5:1 and in clinical psychopharmacotherapy, the proportion of drug-resistant patients and the incidence of side effects are rather high. The groundless supposition that interspecies- and intraspecies-specific sensitivity to drugs is equal may explain this notion, which contradicts the concept of the biochemical stability of species and to the principle of molecular economy in species-specific ratios. To enhance the efficiency of tests and pharmacotherapy, it is suggested that the existing conceptual model "concentration-effect" should be replaced by the extended one "sensitivity-concentration-effect" as it is more scientifically substantiated.

[The role of hereditary, clinical and pharmacokinetic factors in predicting the prophylactic effect of lithium salts].

In the framework of a multicentre WHO research program results of prophylactic treatment with lithium carbonate of 77 patients with affective phasic disorders were compared with a series of clinical parameters, specificity of lithium pharmacokinetics and the background characteristics of families in the groups of responders (68.8%) and non-responders. Correlations of efficacy with pharmacokinetic parameters were absent.

[Methodologic problems of pharmacokinetics].

The subject of pharmacokinetics, method of research, aims and tasks of fundamental and applied aspects, place and importance for pharmacology are discussed. Discrepancy between a high scientific potential of pharmacokinetics and a low practical realization are analyzed, priority trends of future research are formulated.

[Pharmacokinetics of nitrosomethylurea in oncologic patients].

Kinetics of blood-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) was studied in 68 patients with lung cancer, malignant melanoma and lymphoma who had received NMU-based combination chemotherapy. The results were used for computing main pharmacokinetic parameters such as logarithm of calculated initial concentration, time of half-elimination from blood, area under the kinetic curve of concentration, volume of distribution in the body and clearance. All those values were shown to significantly differ with individual patients.