The effects of topical application of metronidazole for treatment of chronic anal fissure: A randomized, controlled pilot study.

Background: Chronic anal fissures (CAFs) rarely heal with conservative management. Because they are associated with strong anal sphincter tone, most treatment aim to reduce anal pressure. Although infections can cause fissures, as can traumatic injury to the anal canal, antimicrobial treatment is not recommended.

Comparative morphology of laser lesion sites in parenchymal organs (liver, kidney, spleen).

The inflammatory and reparative processes in the parenchymal wounds after laser coagulation are characterized by predominance of proliferative reaction. Injury foci are always spatially separated from the intact tissue. Coagulation necrosis and thrombosis lead to suppression of the exudative component of inflammation in sites of laser exposures in the liver, kidneys, and spleen.

[The comparative study of indicators of immunity and state of pro- and antioxidant systems in patients with chronic pyelonephritis of single kidney in active and latent stages of disease].

It is established that in patients with chronic pyelonephritis of single kidney the antibacterial defense of organism and balance between pro- and antioxidant systems are disturbed both in active and latent stages of disease. The results testify the need of organization of comprehensive immunologic and biochemical examination to establish a prognosis of complications and evaluation of effectiveness of applied treatment.