Evaluation of a multimodal ctDNA-based assay for detection of aggressive cancers lacking standard screening tests.

Cancers lacking standard screening (LSS) options account for approximately 70% of cancer-related deaths due to late-stage diagnosis. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising biomarker for multi-cancer early detection. We previously developed SPOT-MAS, a multimodal ctDNA-based assay analyzing methylation and fragmentomic profiles, effective in detecting common cancers (breast, colorectal, liver, lung and gastric).

Chemical screens for particle-induced macrophage death identifies kinase inhibitors of phagocytosis as targets for toxicity.

Background: Nanoparticles are increasingly being used in medicine, cosmetics, food, and manufacturing. However, potential toxicity may limit the use of newly engineered nanoparticles. Prior studies have identified particle characteristics that are predictive of toxicity, although the mechanisms responsible for toxicity remain largely unknown.

BICC1 Interacts with PKD1 and PKD2 to Drive Cystogenesis in ADPKD.

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is primarily of adult-onset and caused by pathogenic variants in or . Yet, disease expression is highly variable and includes very early-onset PKD presentations or infancy. In animal models, the RNA-binding molecule Bicc1 has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PKD.

Optimizing the Tensile Strength of Weld Lines in Glass Fiber Composite Injection Molding.

Weld line defects, commonly occurring during the plastic product manufacturing process, are caused by the merging of two opposing streams of molten plastic. The presence of weld lines harms the product's aesthetic appeal and durability. This study uses artificial neural networks to forecast the ultimate tensile strength of a PA6 composite incorporating 30% glass fibers (GFs).

Enhancing Amplification in Compliant Mechanisms: Optimization of Plastic Types and Injection Conditions.

This study surveys the impacts of injection parameters on the deformation rate of the injected flexure hinge made from ABS, PP, and HDPE. The flexure hinges are generated with different filling time, filling pressure, filling speed, packing time, packing pressure, cooling time, and melt temperature. The amplification ratio of the samples between different injection parameters and different plastic types is measured and compared to figure out the optimal one with a high amplification ratio.

Weld Line Strength of Polyamide Fiberglass Composite at Different Processing Parameters in Injection Molding Technique.

This study examines the impact of injection parameters on the weld line strength of the polyamide 6 and 30% fiberglass (PA6 + 30% FG) composite samples. The effects of filling time, packing time, packing pressure, melt temperature, and mold temperature on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the elongation value of the weld line are investigated. The results reveal that the filling time factor has the lowest influence rate.

Mechanistic and Kinetic Insights into OH-Initiated Atmospheric Oxidation of Hymexazol: A Computational Study.

Hymexazol is a volatile fungicide widely used in agriculture, causing its abundance in the atmosphere; thus, its atmospheric fate and conversion are of great importance when assessing its environmental impacts. Herein, we report a theoretical kinetic mechanism for the oxidation of hymexazol by OH radicals, as well as the subsequent reactions of its main products with O and then with NO by using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus-based Master equation kinetic model on the potential energy surface explored at the ROCBS-QB3//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The predicted total rate constants (, ) for the reaction between hymexazol and OH radicals show excellent agreement with scarcely available experimental values (e.

Developing and validating noninvasive prenatal testing for autosomal dominant monogenic diseases in Vietnam.

Over 60% of single-gene diseases in newborns are autosomal dominant variants. Noninvasive prenatal testing for monogenic conditions (NIPT-SGG) is cost-effective and timesaving, but not widely applied. This study introduces and validates NIPT-SGG in detecting 25 monogenic conditions.

Traveling to the left: A story of PKD1L1-containing vesicles.

The establishment of the left-right asymmetry in vertebrate animals is orchestrated by a series of tightly regulated events. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Tanaka et al. provide a tantalizing model to show how fluid flow in the mouse ventral node becomes integrated in a molecular cellular signature of asymmetry.

ING1 inhibits Twist1 expression to block EMT and is antagonized by the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat.

ING1 is a chromatin targeting subunit of the Sin3a histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex that alters chromatin structure to subsequently regulate gene expression. We find that ING1 knockdown increases expression of Twist1, Zeb 1&2, Snai1, Bmi1 and TSHZ1 drivers of EMT, promoting EMT and cell motility. ING1 expression had the opposite effect, promoting epithelial cell morphology and inhibiting basal and TGF-β-induced motility in 3D organoid cultures.

Conformal Cooling Channel Design for Improving Temperature Distribution on the Cavity Surface in the Injection Molding Process.

Mold heating is an essential process in plastic injection molding. Raising the temperature of the mold before injecting liquefied plastic can ease the mold-filling process. A cooling channel can be used to transport high-temperature fluids for this purpose, such as hot water or oil.

OH-initiated oxidation of vinyl butyrate: insights.

The widespread use of vinyl butyrate (CHCHOC(O)CHCHCH or VB) in the polymer industry and daily-life materials inevitably results in its emission into the atmosphere. Therefore, understanding the mechanism and kinetics of the VB conversion is critical for evaluating its fate and environmental impacts. Herein, we theoretically investigate the chemical transformation of VB initiated by OH radicals in the atmosphere using the stochastic Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM)-based master equation kinetic model on the potential energy surface explored at the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory.

Trajectory Strategy Effects on the Material Characteristics in the WAAM Technique.

The wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technique has evolved into a cutting-edge 3D printing technique. This study surveys the influences of trajectory on the characteristics of low-carbon steel samples generated by the WAAM technique. The results show that the grains in the WAAM samples are isotropic, with grain size numbers ranging from 7 to 12.

Enhancing the Fatigue Strength of the Weld Line in Advanced Polymer Injection Molding: Gas-Assisted Mold Temperature Control for Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Composites.

This study presents an innovative approach to enhancing weld line strength in advanced polymer injection molding through applying gas-assisted mold temperature control, significantly increasing mold temperature beyond typical values observed in conventional processes. We investigate the effects of various heating times and frequencies on the fatigue strength of Polypropylene (PP) samples and the tensile strength of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) composite samples at different Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) percentages and heating times. Using gas-assisted mold heating, mold temperatures exceeding 210 °C are achieved, which represents a significant advancement compared to the standard mold temperatures of less than 100 °C.

Kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds: a mini-review and new approach.

Organic compounds are widespread pollutants in wastewater, causing significant risks for living organisms. In terms of advanced oxidation processes, photocatalysis is known as an effective technology for the oxidation and mineralization of numerous non-biodegradable organic contaminants. The underlying mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation can be explored through kinetic studies.

Influences of TPU Content on the Weld Line Characteristics of PP and ABS Blends.

This study aims to explore the effects of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) content on the weld line properties of Polypropylene (PP) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) blends. In PP/TPU blends, increasing the TPU content results in a significant decrease in the PP/TPU composite's ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation values. Blends with 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt% TPU and pure PP outperform blends with 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt% TPU and recycled PP in terms of UTS value.

A critical review on the bio-mediated green synthesis and multiple applications of magnesium oxide nanoparticles.

Nowadays, advancements in nanotechnology have efficiently solved many global problems, such as environmental pollution, climate change, and infectious diseases. Nano-scaled materials have played a central role in this evolution. Chemical synthesis of nanomaterials, however, required hazardous chemicals, unsafe, eco-unfriendly, and cost-ineffective, calling for green synthesis methods.

Study on the Fatigue Strength of Welding Line in Injection Molding Products under Different Tensile Conditions.

The fatigue performance of polypropylene (PP) at various amplitudes and frequencies on fatigue cycles under tensile test conditions is investigated in this study. The results show that increasing the frequency leads to a decrease in fatigue cycles due to increased cycle time. The decline rate can be divided into two stages, between 1 and 5 Hz.

Reconstruction of Large Anterior Skull Base Defects After Resection of Sinonasal Tumors With Intracranial Extension by Using Pedicled Double Flap Techniques.

Introduction: The use of surgical resection for large anterior skull base (ASB) tumors and sinonasal malignancies with intracranial extension will result in a large skull base defect. Reconstruction of large ASB defects using traditional techniques is high risk and may lead to postoperative cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leakage, meningitis, and an increase in mortality rate. The use of a pedicled double flap technique to reconstruct the ASB defect may decrease complications.

Upregulated PD-1 signaling antagonizes glomerular health in aged kidneys and disease.

With an aging population, kidney health becomes an important medical and socioeconomic factor. Kidney aging mechanisms are not well understood. We previously showed that podocytes isolated from aged mice exhibit increased expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) surface receptor and its 2 ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2).

Single-cell and spatial mapping Identify cell types and signaling Networks in the human ureter.

Tissue engineering offers a promising treatment strategy for ureteral strictures, but its success requires an in-depth understanding of the architecture, cellular heterogeneity, and signaling pathways underlying tissue regeneration. Here, we define and spatially map cell populations within the human ureter using single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial gene expression, and immunofluorescence approaches. We focus on the stromal and urothelial cell populations to enumerate the distinct cell types composing the human ureter and infer potential cell-cell communication networks underpinning the bi-directional crosstalk between these compartments.

Internal Gas-Assisted Mold Temperature Control for Improving the Filling Ability of Polyamide 6 + 30% Glass Fiber in the Micro-Injection Molding Process.

In micro-injection molding, the plastic filling in the cavity is limited by the frozen layer due to the rapid cooling of the hot melt when it comes into contact with the surface of the cavity at a lower temperature. This problem is more serious with composite materials, which have a higher viscosity than pure materials. Moreover, this issue is also more serious with composite materials that have a higher weight percentage of glass filer.

Rumdul () Antioxidant Activity and Its Potential for Parkinson's Disease Treatment.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of motor function and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although PD is more common in people over 60 years old, people with young-onset PD tend to increase recently. Up to now, there is no cure for PD; therapies mainly focus on reducing symptoms and improving patient quality of life.

An evaluation of emergency pain management practices in fragility fractures of the pelvis.

Background: Inadequately treated pain is associated with significant morbidity in older adults. We aimed to describe current pain management practices for patients with fragility pelvic fractures, a common emergency department (ED) presentation in older adults.

Methods: We performed a health records' review of adults ≥ 65 years old who presented to two academic EDs with nonoperative fragility pelvic fractures between 01/2014 and 09/2018.

Development of a paddy-based biorefinery approach toward improvement of biomass utilization for more bioproducts.

Improvement of biomass utilization productivity following cascading strategy is a priority for the biorefinery-based circular bioeconomy. In recent years, the field of energy research has seen an increasing interest in bio-products from paddy-based biorefinery, but the utilization of the entire value of paddy biomass to guide the commercial viability of its products has not been got feasible outcomes. Here we propose a potential pathway for a conceptual paddy biorefinery framework by addressing wastes for producing more products.