Camel milk extracellular vesicles/exosomes: a fascinating frontier in isolation and therapeutic potential.

Camel milk has a unique composition that sets it apart from other types of animal milk, which has captured the interest of medical and scientific communities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mainly contain exosomes (Exos, 30-200 nm) and microvesicles (MVs, 200-1000 nm). Camel milk EVs, particularly Exos, which we named EVs/Exos, have arisen as a fascinating area of scientific inquiry, holding enormous potential for the future of biomedicine due to their anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic nephropathy, and immunostimulatory impacts.

Histopathology of thermal effects in endoscopic ear surgery: An experimental animal study.

Objective: The potential risk of thermal damage in the transcanal endoscopic ear surgery has been a concerning issue. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological effects of heat exposure of different durations in external auditory canal (EAC) skin and facial nerve tissues.

Methods: This study was conducted on 20 rabbits assigned equally to five groups according to the endoscope-transmitted heat exposure duration: Control group (no exposure), 2, 10, 15, and 30 min.

Amelioration of propionic acid-induced autism-like behaviors in rats by fenofibrate: A focus on reduction of brain galectin-3 levels.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interactions and repetitive behaviors. This study examines the effects of fenofibrate on a propionic acid (PPA)-induced rat model of ASD, focusing on behavioral changes, inflammatory markers, and histological findings.

Materials And Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: a control group, a group receiving PPA and saline, and a group treated with PPA and fenofibrate for 15 days.

Caffeine mitigates tamoxifen-induced fatty liver in Wistar rats.

Purpose: Tamoxifen, a widely used drug for breast cancer treatment, is associated with adverse effects on the liver, including the development of fatty liver. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of caffeine against tamoxifen-induced fatty liver in Wistar rats.

Methods: Rats were divided into normal control, tamoxifen + saline, and tamoxifen + caffeine.

Oxytocin: A Shield against Radiation-Induced Lung Injury in Rats.

Background: Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), a serious side effect of thoracic radiotherapy, can lead to acute radiation pneumonitis (RP) and chronic pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Despite various interventions, no effective protocol exists to prevent pneumonitis. Oxytocin (OT), known for its anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant properties, has not been explored for its potential in mitigating RILI.

Effects of apelin on neonatal brain neurogenesis in L-NAME-induced maternal preeclampsia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of apelin, which is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, on changes in neurogenesis in newborns of pregnant rats with L-NAME-induced preeclampsia. Wistar albino female rats were divided into four experimental groups: Control, Apelin, Preeclampsia and Preeclampsia + Apelin. Blood pressure was measured on the 5th, 11th and 17th days of gestation, urine protein was analyzed from urine samples collected for 24 h on the 6th, 12th and 18th days and serum creatinine was analyzed from serum samples.

Administration of low dose intranasal ketamine exerts a neuroprotective effect on whole brain irradiation injury model in wistar rats.

Exposure to ionizing radiation leads to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, resulting in neurocognitive impairments. Adverse effects are also associated with glutamate-induced excitotoxicity due to alterations in the composition of glutamate receptors. Ketamine, which is a noncompetitive NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, has been stated to exert an impact on glutamatergic receptors.

Amelioration of propionic acid-induced autism spectrum disorder in rats through dapagliflozin: The role of IGF-1/IGFBP-3 and the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway.

The biological effects of dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, reveal its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting therapeutic benefits beyond glycemic control. This study explores the neuroprotective effects of dapagliflozin in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) induced by propionic acid (PPA), characterized by social interaction deficits, communication challenges, repetitive behaviors, cognitive impairments, and oxidative stress. Our research aims to find effective treatments for ASD, a condition with limited therapeutic options and significant impacts on individuals and families.

Protective effects of E-CG-01 (3,4-lacto cycloastragenol) against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an aging-related, chronic lung disease, with unclear pathogenesis and no effective treatment. One of the triggering factors in cell aging is oxidative stress and it is known to have a role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this paper, the protective effect of the E-CG-01 (3,4-lacto-cycloastragenol) molecule in terms of its antioxidant properties was evaluated in the bleomycin induced mice lung fibrosis model.

Potential neuroprotective effects of 2-hydroxypropyl-β cyclodextrin against amyloid β (1-42)-induced neurotoxicity on the rat hippocampus.

The neurodegenerative mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not fully understood, but it is believed that amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide causes oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and disrupts metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) signaling by interacting with cholesterol and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in pathogenic lipid rafts. This study examined the effect of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-CD) on cholesterol, oxidative stress (total oxidant status), neuroinflammation (TNF-α), and mGluR5 signaling molecules such as PKCβ1, PKCβ2, ERK1/2, CREB, BDNF, and NGF in Aβ (1-42)-induced neurotoxicity. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control (saline), Aβ (1-42), HP-CD (100 mg/kg), and Aβ (1-42) + HP-CD (100 mg/kg).

Choline chloride shows gender-dependent positive effects on social deficits, learning/memory impairments, neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in the lipopolysaccharide-induced rat model of autism.

The neuroprotective effects of choline chloride, an essential nutrient, a precursor for the acetylcholine and synthesis of membrane phospholipids, have been associated with neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Its contribution to autism spectrum disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder, remains unknown. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of choline chloride on social behaviours, and histopathological and biochemical changes in a rat autism model.

Intramuscular nerve distribution of the sternocleidomastoid muscle for the botulinum toxin injection.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to define the intramuscular nerve distribution of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and the innervation zones (IZ) to describe the optimal botulinum toxin injection sites.

Methods: The cricoid cartilage (CC), laryngeal prominence (LP) and hyoid bone (HB) and angle of mandible (AM) were determined as landmarks. The length of the muscles were measured between the sternoclavicular joint and tip of the mastoid process.

Histopathological Evaluation of Bipolar and Microneedle Radiofrequency Energy on the Skin and Fat of the Abdominal Region of the Rat.

Background: Radiofrequency-based devices are used frequently in plastic surgery procedures. In the current literature, no comparative experimental study has demonstrated the histologic and immunologic effects of these devices, which are used frequently in the facial area. In this study, the authors investigated the histologic and immunologic effects of bipolar radiofrequency (BodyTite) and microneedle radiofrequency (Morpheus 8) devices in the rat abdominal region.

Evaluation of graphene oxide-doped poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (GO-PLGA) nanofiber absorbable plates and titanium plates for bone stability and healing in mandibular corpus fractures: An experimental study.

Background: Open reduction with internal fixation is the preferred treatment option for displaced facial bone fractures. The superior mechanical properties of metallic plates have made them the most widely used material in existing bone fixation systems. However, after the healing period, these permanent plates can cause various problems.

The neuroprotective effect of exogen melatonin upon fetal hippocampus damage caused by high-dose caffeine administration in pregnant rats.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether exogenous melatonin (MEL) mitigates the deleterious effects of high-dose caffeine (CAF) administration in pregnant rats upon the fetal hippocampus.

Materials And Methods: A total of 32 adult Wistar albino female rats were divided into four groups after conception (n = 8). At 9-20 days of pregnancy, intraperitoneal (i.

Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Secondary Metabolite from via an Epicutaneous Infection Model.

Microbial secondary metabolites, which play a pivotal role in struggling with infectious diseases, are the new source for controlling bacterial contaminations and possess a strong antimicrobial potential. The present study is designed to evaluate the and bactericidal activities of prodigiosin against . For this purpose, was used to produce prodigiosin.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of betaine protect against sepsis-induced acute lung injury: CT and histological evidence.

The aim of this research was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of betaine on sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in rats through histopathological examination, radiologic imaging, and biochemical analysis. Eight rats were included in the control group, and no procedure was performed. Feces intraperitoneal procedure (FIP) was performed on 24 rats to create a sepsis-induced ARDS model.

Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Exposure Induces Autism-Like Neurobehavioral Changes in Male Neonatal Rats.

Recent research on placental, embryo, and brain organoids suggests that the COVID-19 virus may potentially affect embryonic organs, including the brain. Given the established link between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and neuroinflammation, we sought to investigate the effects of exposure to this protein during pregnancy. We divided pregnant rats into three groups: Group 1 received a 1 ml/kg saline solution, Group 2 received 150 μg/kg adjuvant aluminum hydroxide (AAH), and Group 3 received 40 μg/kg spike protein + 150 μg/kg AAH at 10 and 14 days of gestation.

Effects of ozone treatment to the levels of neurodegeneration biomarkers after rotenone induced rat model of Parkinson's disease.

The study investigated the effects of ozone treatment on the neurodegeneration of stereotaxic rotenone-induced parkinson's disease (PD) model. The model was confirmed using the apomorphine rotation test. α-synuclein, amyloid-β, Tau, phosphorylated Tau, as well as tyrosine hydroxylase(+), nNOS(+), and glial cell counts were used to evaluate neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area.

Histological and Immunological Evaluation of the Osteogenic Effects of Compact Bone-Delivered Stem Cell on Spongiosis Bone in the Rat Zygomatic Arch Defect Model.

Background: In stem cell applications, apart from bone marrow and adipose tissue, compact bone is also used as an alternative. However, studies on this subject are limited. In our study, we investigated the effect of stem cell derived from compact bone on rat zygomatic arch defect.

Reparative, Neuroprotective and Anti-neurodegenerative Effects of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Radiation-Induced Brain Injury Model.

Objective: This animal model aimed to compare the rat group that received brain irradiation and did not receive additional treatment (only saline) and the rat group that underwent brain irradiation and received Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment. In addition, the effects of G-CSF on brain functions were examined by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and histopathologically.

Methods: This study used 24 female Wistar albino rats.

Atorvastatin Improves the Propionic Acid-Induced Autism in Rats: The Roles of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Anti-inflammatory Action.

Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the benefits of atorvastatin on the propionic acid-induced autism model via increasing sphingosine-1-phosphate and anti-inflammatory actions with imaging and brain tissue investigations. Materials and methods Twenty-five mg/kg/day/rat of propionic acid (PPA) was administered intraperitoneally to 20 male Wistar rats, and 10 male Wistar rats were fed orally. Study groups were designed as follows: Group 1: Control Group (orally fed control, n=10); Group 2 (PPA+saline, n=10); Group 3 (PPA+Atorvastatin, n=10).