Exposure-response relationship between work-related hand-arm vibration exposure and musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities: the German hand-arm vibration study.

To quantify the exposure-response relationship between hand-arm vibration exposure and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities (UMSDs), a case-control study was carried out among workers in the construction, mining, metal and woodworking industries. . In total, 209 male cases and 614 controls were recruited.