The nitriding of forging tools is an industrially established standard used to increase the hardness of the tool surface layer and reduce wear. However, this modification of the tool surface layer, as well as the microstructural changes that occur during this operation due to the thermo-mechanical load, cannot be considered during wear calculations with the widely used Archard wear model in the context of FE simulations. Based on previous work, this study further develops two tempering tests for the investigation of the hardness evolution of two nitride profiles based on H11 tool steel.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, new multilayer TiAl-based composites were developed and characterized. The materials were produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of elemental Ti and Al foils and ceramic particles (TiB₂ and TiC) at 1250 °C. The matrix of the composites consisted of α₂-TiAl and γ-TiAl lamellas and reinforcing ceramic layers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Inflammation and trauma lead to tissue acidification and release of inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Protons can evoke pain through acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and TRPV1 receptors. In this study, we examined whether PGE2 can potentiate proton-induced nociception in humans on injection into skin and muscle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF