Extracting fumonisins from maize: efficiency of different extraction solvents in multi-mycotoxin analytics.

The complete extraction of analytes is of utmost importance when analyzing matrix samples for mycotoxins. Mycotoxins consist of substances with widely different physicochemical properties; therefore, the loss of toxins that occurs in multi-mycotoxin methods due to compromises in the extraction solvent is currently a topic under discussion. With regard to fumonisins, several extractants from recently published multi-mycotoxin methods were investigated when analyzing unprocessed and processed maize matrices.

Analysis of Fusarium toxins via HPLC-MS/MS multimethods: matrix effects and strategies for compensation.

An easy, fast and reliable method based on a dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) cleanup for the determination of DON, T-2, HT-2, and ZEA is introduced. Using a consecutive extraction with water and acetonitrile followed by a forced phase separation (salting out), the cleanup is performed with primary-secondary amines (PSA) as bulk solid phase material. Furthermore, a rapid method without cleanup for fumonisin analysis is presented.

Determination of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereals including oats after immunoaffinity cleanup by liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection.

A reliable method for the determination of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in different cereals, including oats, as well as in cereal products was developed. After extraction with methanol/water (90/10, v/v) and dilution with a 4% NaCl solution, the toxins were purified with immunoaffinity columns, derivatized with 1-anthroylnitrile, separated by HPLC, and determined using fluorescence detection. Due to the unspecific derivatization reagents, validation parameters were matrix dependent: in the range 10-200 microg/kg, recovery rates of 74-120% with relative standard deviations between 0.

A new solid phase extraction clean-up method for the determination of 12 type A and B trichothecenes in cereals and cereal-based food by LC-MS/MS.

A new reliable and cost-efficient solid phase extraction-based clean-up method for the determination of 12 type A and B trichothecenes [deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, fusarenon-X, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, monoacetoxy-scirpenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 triol and T-2 tetraol] in cereals and cereal-based food is presented. Furthermore, the suitability for the simultaneous determination of zearalenone is examined. Toxins were extracted from cereal samples using ACN/water (80/20, v/v), purified by means of a new Bond Elut Mycotoxin column and analyzed via liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Determination of 12 type A and B trichothecenes in cereals by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

A new sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of 12 trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, fusarenon X, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, monoacetoxyscirpenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 triol, and T-2 tetraol) by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) is presented. The development of the method and investigations on the matrix influence on the MS signal are described in particular. The matrix effect was thereby minimized by using an internal standard, a special mobile phase, and specific fragmentation parameters.

Serum IgA-promoting effects induced by feed loads containing isolated deoxynivalenol (DON) in growing piglets.

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a Fusarium toxin belonging to the trichothecene group, has been reported to produce a variety of adverse health effects in farm animals, such as inhibition of protein synthesis, reduction of feed intake, and alteration of the immune system. In pigs, the effects of increasing levels of chemically pure DON in a semisynthetic diet on performance, health, and serum immunglobulin A (IgA) levels were examined. A diet, without grain components and trichothecene free (8 main trichothecenes), with doses of 0, 300, 600, and 1200 microg pure DON/kg was fed to 34 female pigs for a period of 8 wk after weaning under standardized conditions.